摘要
新精神活性物质结构多变,对照品难以获得,目前常用的气质联用和液质联用技术在结构的确证上存在一定的局限性,导致禁毒实战中对新精神活性物质的快速鉴定受到限制。核磁共振技术是解析未知物结构最有效的手段,特别适合于结构变异迅速的新精神活性物质的快速分析确证鉴定。本文综述了核磁共振技术在合成大麻素类、合成卡西酮类、哌嗪类、苯乙胺类、氯胺酮及苯环利定类和芬太尼类新精神活性物质结构筛查中的应用,发现各类新精神活性物质均有各自基本一致的特征母体结构和相应的NMR信号,可以为快速鉴定新精神活性物质的结构类别提供科学证据。并对扩散排序谱以及液核联用技术在新精神活性物质的应用前景进行展望,为新精神活性物质的筛查工作提供新的思路。
GC-MS and LC-MS are the main techniques used for the structural identification of new psychoactive substances at present. However,they are hard to give accurate structure information because of the hardly available corresponding reference standards and the quickly changing status of these compounds. This leads tremendous obstacle on the rapid identification of new psychoactive substances. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is one of the most effective methods for structures identification. Therefore,NMR is especially suitable for the analysis and identification of new psychoactive substances even with rapid structural changes. This article summarizes the NMR applications for the structural analysis of new psychoactive substances including synthetic cannabinoids,synthetic cathinones,piperazines,phenethylamines,ketamine & phencyclidine-type substances,and fentanyls. It is found that the NMR signals of the main frame structure of each kind of the new psychoactive substances are basically the same. Hence,these frame structure NMR signals can provide scientific evidence for the rapid identification of new psychoactive substances. This article also look ahead the prospect for the application of LC-NMR and DOSY in new psychoactive substances,which provides new ideas for the screening of new psychoactive substances.
引文
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