摘要
通过滴灌小麦大田试验,研究了不同灌水下限(灌水下限为田间持水量的45%、60%、75%)和施氮处理(45、111、146 kg·hm~(-2))对田间冬小麦生长、产量和耗水特性的影响。结果表明:灌水下限对小麦株高、叶面积指数和干物质的影响是显著的,且比施氮量影响更大。W3(灌水下限为田间持水量45%)和N3(施氮量45 kg·hm~(-2))处理不利于小麦株高、叶面积的增长。在小麦生长后期,增加灌水量和施氮量有利于小麦株高的生长。小麦的产量随着灌水下限的增大而增加;施氮量在0~111 kg·hm~(-2)时,冬小麦产量随着施氮量的增加而增加,超过111 kg·hm~(-2)时不再显著增加甚至抑制产量的增长;灌水下限和施氮量相对较小的处理有利于提高水分利用效率。不同水肥处理,小麦各生育期内耗水量和耗水模数都表现为灌浆>完熟>抽穗扬花期>拔节孕穗期>返青起身期。在此试验条件下,W2N2的处理(灌水下限为田间持水量的60%,灌溉定额为290 mm,施氮量为111 kg·hm~(-2))的干物质、产量和水分利用效率最大,是产量和效益兼优的最佳组合。
Based on experimental data of wheat field with drip irrigation,different soil moisture( with lowest irrigation limit of 45%,60% and 75% field capacity) and nitrogen treatments( 45 kg·hm~(-2),111 kg·hm~(-2),146 kg·hm~(-2)) were carried out to investigate the effect on the growth,yield and water consuming characteristics of winter wheat in the field. Results showed that,effect of the lower irrigation limit on plant height,leaf area index and dry matter of wheat was more significant than the effect of nitrogen rate. W3( with lower irrigation limit of 45% field capacity) and N3( with nitrogen rate of 45 kg·hm~(-2)) treatments were not conducive to the increase of wheat plant height and leaf area. In the later stage of wheat growth,the increase of irrigation and nitrogen rate could be beneficial to the growth of wheat plant height. The yield of wheat increased with the increase of the lower irrigation limit.The yield of wheat increased with the increase of nitrogen rate when the nitrogen rate was at 0 ~ 111 kg·hm~(-2),but stopped increasing when it's more than 111 kg·hm~(-2) and even was inhibited. Treatment with relatively low irrigation lower limit and nitrogen rate was beneficial to improve wheat water use efficiency. For different water and fertilizer treatments,the wheat water consumption and water consumption mode were all behaved as filling stage > full ripe stage > heading and flowering stage > jointing-booting stage > green stage. Under the tested conditions,dry matter,yield and water use efficiency of wheat under W2 N2( with lower irrigation limit being 60% of field capacity,irritation quota being 290 mm and nitrogen rate being 111 kg·hm~(-2)) treatment was the best combination in respect of yield and benefit.
引文
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