摘要
为了解决传统的钻眼爆破掘进巷道法在围岩中形成的裂纹无序扩展,遇到构造带时极易诱发动力灾害的现实问题,开展构造煤岩层内巷道掘进定向聚能爆破破岩技术研究。根据聚能爆破的空穴效应和能量转移原理,建立聚能爆破的岩石断裂力学模型,将聚能爆破与普通爆破的裂纹起裂及扩展规律进行对比分析,得出聚能爆破与普通爆破形成的粉碎区以及应力峰值的倍数关系。搭建可模拟地应力与瓦斯压力的爆破试验平台,通过普通爆破和聚能爆破的相似模拟对比试验发现,聚能爆破在聚能方向上形成的粉碎区是普通爆破同方向的0.838倍,应力峰值是普通爆破的1.58倍,爆生气体的静力学作用时间对比普通爆破,在聚能方向上延长了300μs,非聚能方向上缩短了250μs。同时,进行聚能爆破掘进的现场应用,巷道周边眼采用聚能装药后,超欠挖率减少了近50%。研究表明,聚能爆破使聚能方向的裂纹扩展范围增大,非聚能方向的裂纹扩展范围减小,运用于掘进构造带中的巷道时能够提高爆破效率,降低对支护围岩体和构造煤体的损伤破坏程度,抑制由爆破掘进诱发的瓦斯动力灾害事故。
The disorderly propagation of cracks formed by the traditional drilling blasting is liable to cause gas dynamic disasters when encountered with the tectonic coal and rock.Tunneling in structural coal and rock with directional concentrated energy blasting is studied in this paper.The mechanical model of rock fracturing under shaped energy blasting is established and the crack initiation and propagation under shaped energy blasting and ordinary blasting are compared and analyzed.The comminuted zone formed by shaped energy blasting and ordinary blasting and the multiple relations of peak stress are obtained.A blasting experimental platform for simulating ground stress and gas pressure was set up,the coal and rock blocks containing structural weak coal seam were constructed,and the modelling experiments under common blasting and shaped blasting were carried out.The experimental results show that the crushed area formed in the shaped energy direction is 0.838 times of that in the same direction under the ordinary blasting,the peak stress value is 1.58 times of that of the ordinary blasting.Compared with that of the ordinary blasting,the period of static action of the explosive gas was prolonged 300 μs in the direction of shaped energy,and was shortened 250 μs in the direction of non-shaped energy.The crack propagation range in the shaped energy direction is increased and the crack propagation range in the non-accumulative energy direction is reduced.The blasting efficiency was improved when the shaped blasting was applied to the tunneling in structural belt.The damage degree to supporting rock mass and structural coal was reduced,and the gas dynamic disaster accident induced by blasting excavation was restrained.
引文
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