摘要
我国钒产量居世界第一,由于近年来钒价出现上涨,市场前景较为乐观,预计这将极大地促进石煤提钒产业的发展。石煤作为我国优势的钒矿资源,一直未能得到充分的开采利用,需要先进工艺的研发为行业提供支撑。针对传统提钒工艺的不足,从流程上对石煤提钒的工艺进展进行了归纳和分析:钙化焙烧能实现绿色生产,但缺点是选择性较差;空白焙烧污染和生产成本最低,但酸耗高、浸出时间长、酸浸液杂质含量较多;直接酸浸工艺具有能耗低、污染小、浸出指标高的优点,但硫酸消耗大、浸出时间长、对设备耐腐蚀性要求高;低温硫酸化焙烧工艺具有能耗低、污染小、效率高等优点,但技术尚不成熟;其他类型的先进工艺(如超声波和微波技术、循环流化床设备、微生物处理技术等)受技术和设备发展水平的限制,距离工业化应用还有相当长的一段路程。
Vanadium production of China ranks the first in the world,and the market prospect will be more optimistic due to the rising price of vanadium in recent years,which will be expected to greatly promote the development for the industry of vanadium extraction from stone coal.As a kind of advantageous vanadium resource in China,stone coal has not been fully exploited and utilized,and the researches and developments of advanced technologies are needed to provide support for this industry.In view of the shortcomings of the traditional vanadium extraction processes,the advanced processes for extracting vanadium from stone coal were analyzed and summarized.Calcification roasting can achieve green production,while the disadvantage is poor selectivity;Blank roasting has the lowest pollution and production cost,but it has high acid consumption,long leaching time and high impurity content in leaching solution;Direct acid leaching has the advantages of low energy consumption,low pollution,and high leaching index,unfortunately,the consumption of sulphuric acid is too large,and it has the disadvantages of long leaching time and high requirement for corrosion resistance of equipment;Low-temperature sulfation roasting has the advantages of low energy consumption,low pollution and high efficiency,but the technology is still immature.Other advanced processes(such as ultrasonic and microwave technology,circulating fluidization process,microbial treatment technology,etc.) are limited by the development level of technology and equipment,so there is still a long way before their industrial application.
引文
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