摘要
汉语中"NP+VP+得+出来"是表可能性的动作表达构式,谓语动词的选择与补语"出来"相匹配,多数单音节动词和少数双音节动词可以充当谓语动词,VP常为动作动词或心理动词,且VP所表示的动作指向是由内而外。构式中的NP具有可选择性,NP可为施事,也可为受事。从语义角度看,"NP+VP+得+出来"构式体现了动作事件完成的可能性、动作过程的趋向性、动作事件的持续性、主观意愿的倾向性及动作对象的共知性。从语用特征上看,构式的主题是NP,述题是VP,在言语交际中"NP+VP+得+出来"构式常用来陈述动作实施情况或提醒、说明完成某种动作具有的可能性趋势,包含了对表述内容的主观性肯定态度。
"NP+VP+de+Chulai" is the construction of action expression of possibility in Chinese. Selection and complement " the verb" to match the majority of single syllable verbs and a double syllable verb can be used as a predicate verb. VP is often the action verbs or verbs,and VP represents the action point from the inside out. The type of NP is selective,an agent as well as the patient.From the semantic point of view,the construction embodies the possibility of the completion of action events,the tendency of the action process,the continuity of the action events. From the pragmatic point of view,construction is the theme of NP,the problem VP. It is often used for the implementation of the action or statement of possibility trend alert,with instructions to complete some action in verbal communication,which contains subjective positive attitude.
引文
[1]范晓.复动“V得”句[J].语言教学与研究,1993,(04):57-74.
[2]胡裕树,范晓.动词研究[M].开封:河南大学出版社,1995:378-396.
[3]杨菁,陆汝占.从逻辑语义的角度对“得”字句的分类[J].贵州大学学报(社会科学版),2010,(01):113-119.
[4]张斌.现代汉语描写语法[M].北京:商务印书馆,2010:556-558.
[5]李浚平.试析带“得”动补结构的多义现象[J].昆明师专学报,1984,(03):559-571.
[6]李林.鄂西利川方言表可能性的“得”字结构疑问小句研究[J].红河学院学报,2017,(02):59.
[7]黄伯荣.现代汉语教程[M].青岛:青岛出版社,1991:535-544.
[8]刑福义.现代汉语[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2011:328.
[9]王松茂.汉语语法研究参考资料[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1983:380-391.
[10]岳俊发.“得”字句的产生和演变[J].语言研究,1984,(02):10-30.
