摘要
为了评估验证荷斯坦种公牛对荷斯坦杂种牛生长性能的遗传改良效果,以荷黄低代杂种、荷黄高代杂种和纯种荷斯坦牛3种群体共计293头奶牛为研究材料,利用北美荷斯坦种公牛对不同奶牛群体进行杂交改良,根据系谱信息追踪各群体的后裔,测定个体初生、2月龄、6月龄、12月龄、14月龄和成年体重,以纯种荷斯坦牛为对照组,用最小二乘法分析群体、世代和母本与生长性能的相关性,评估杂种奶牛生长性能的遗传改良效果。结果表明:高代杂种和低代杂种的初生重显著低于纯种(P<0.05);高代杂种和纯种12月龄重、14月龄重、成年体重显著高于低代杂种(P<0.05),高代杂种与纯种之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。二世代生长性能显著高于一世代和零世代(P<0.05),一世代显著高于零世代(P<0.05)。群体和世代间互作效应仅对2月龄重有显著影响(P<0.05)。母本效应对生长性能无显著影响(P>0.05)。本研究提示:高代杂种初生重低、育成期生长发育快,而成年体重与纯种荷斯坦牛无显著差异,在现有生产体系下实现最佳的遗传环境匹配,适宜在北方农区生产体系中推广养殖。
The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the growth performance of crossbreds of Holstein cows.Three groups with a total of 293 dairy cattle(low-hybrids cow,improved-hybrids cow and pure Holstein cattle) were used.American Holstein bull was used to improve the different dairy cattle group,according to pedigree to track each group's descendants.The body weight data of birth,two month,six month,twelve month,fourteen month and mature were collected.Least squares method was used to analyze the correlation between group,generation,dam and growth performance.The results showed that the birth weight of improved-hybrid and low-hybrid cows was significantly lower than that of pure Holsteins(P<0.05).Twelve month,fourteen month and mature weights of improved-hybrids and pure Holsteins were significantly higher than those of low-hybrids(P<0.05).There was no difference between improved-hybrids and pure Holsteins(P>0.05).Growth performance of second generation was significantly higher than first and zero generations(P<0.05),and first generation was significantly higher than zero generation(P<0.05).The effect of interaction between group and generation had significant influence on two month weight(P<0.05).Dam had no effect on growth performance(P<0.05).Improved-hybrids cows achieved the best matching genetic environment under the existing production system,and were suitable for the promotion breeding in the northern agricultural production system.
引文
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