摘要
糯性是农作物的一项重要农艺性状。有效控制农作物糯性的高低有助于选育出糯性适当的高品质谷物。糯性主要受Waxy基因控制,主要由于Waxy的缺失而引起籽粒支链淀粉含量升高所致。Waxy基因具有较高的保守性,在主要农作物的自然选择及人工选择的过程中,Waxy表达水平不同的种质材料被固定下来,并用于农作物新品种选育。本研究基于当前关于糯质基因Waxy的研究现状,系统分析了糯质玉米、不同倍型小麦中Waxy基因的拷贝数、变异特征及系统进化关系,期望进一步获得Waxy基因在农作物遗传改良中稳定糯性的调控机制。本研究也对如何利用基因编辑技术改良农作物的糯性进行了探讨。
Waxy is an important agronomic trait of crops. Effective control of the ruggedness of the crop can help to breed high quality grain with suitable waxy. Waxy is mainly affected by Waxy gene, and the lack of Waxy causes the increase of amylopectin content in grains. Waxy gene is highly conserved. In the process of natural and artificial selection of major crops, the germplasm materials with different levels of Waxy expression were fixed and used in the breeding of new varieties of crops. Based on the current research of Waxy gene, this study systematically analyzed the copy number, variation characteristics, phylogenetic relationships of Waxy gene in waxy corn and different polyploids wheat, which was expected to obtain the control mechanism of stable waxy in genetic improvement of crops. This study also discussed how to use gene editing technology to improve the waxy quality of crops.
引文
Bailey T.L.,and Elkan C.,1994,Fitting a mixture model by expectation maximization to discover motifs in biopolymers,Proc.Int.Conf.Intell.Syst.Mol.Biol.,2:28-36
Choulet F.,Alberti A.,Theil S.,Glover N.,Barbe V.,Daron J.,Pingault L.,Sourdille P.,Couloux A.,Paux E.,Leroy P.,Mangenot S.,Guilhot N.,Le Gouis J.,Balfourier F.,Alaux M.,Jamilloux V.,Poulain J.,Durand C.,Bellec A.,Gaspin C.,Safar J.,Dolezel J.,Rogers J.,Vandepoele K.,Aury J.M.,Mayer K.,Berges H.,Quesneville H.,Wincker P.,and Feuillet C.,2014,Structural and functional partitioning of bread wheat chromosome 3B,Science,345(6194):1249721
Frydman R.B.,1963,Starch synthetase of potatoes and waxy maize,Arch.Biochem.Biophys.,102(2):242-248
Guzman C.,and Alvarez J.B.,2016,Wheat waxy proteins:polymorphism,molecular characterization and effects on starch properties,Theor.Appl.Genet.,129(1):1-16
Hu B.,Jin J.P.,Guo A.Y.,Zhang H.,Luo J.C.,and Gao G.,2015,GSDS 2.0:an upgraded gene feature visualization server,Bioinformatics,31(8):1296-1297
Jia J.Z.,Zhao S.C.,Kong X.Y.,Li Y.R.,Zhao G.Y.,He W.M.,Appels R.D.,Pfeifer M.,Tao Y.,Zhang X.Y.,Jing R.L.,Zhang C.,Ma Y.Z.,Gao L.F.,Gao C.,Spannagl M.,Mayer K.F.X.,Li D.,Pan S.K.,Zheng F.Y.,Hu Q.,Xia X.C.,Li J.W.,Liang Q.S.,Chen J.,Wicker T.,Gou C.Y.,Kuang H.H.,He G.Y.,Luo Y.D.,Keller B.,Xia Q.J.,Lu P.,Wang J.,Zou H.F.,Zhang R.Z.,Xu J.Y.,Gao J.L.,Middleton C.,Quan ZW.,Liu G.M.,Wang J.,International Wheat Genome Sequencing C.,Yang H.M.,Liu X.,He Z.H.,Mao L.,and Wang J.,2013,Aegilops tauschii draft genome sequence reveals a gene repertoire for wheat adaptation,Nature,496(7443):91-95
Kumar S.,Stecher G.,and Tamura K.,2016,MEGA7:molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets Mol.Biol.Evol.,33(7):1870-1874
Ling H.Q.,Zhao S.C,Liu D.C.,Wang J.Y.,Sun H.,Zhang C.Fan H.J.,Li D.,Dong L.,Dong L.L.,Tao Y.,Gao C.,Wu HL.,Li Y.W.,Cui Y.,Guo X.S.,Zheng S.S.,Wang B.,Yu K.Liang Q.S.,Yang W.L.,Lou X.Y.,Chen J.,Feng M.J.,Jian J.B.,Zhang X.F.,Luo G.B.,Jiang Y.,Liu J.J.,Wang Z.B.Sha Y.H.,Zhang B.R.,Wu H.J.,Tang D.Z.,Shen Q.H.,Xue P.Y.,Zou S.H.,Wang X.J.,Liu X.,Wang F.M.,Yang Y.P.An X.L.,Dong Z.Y.,Zhang K.P.,Zhang X.Q.,Luo M.C.Dvorak J.,Tong Y.P.,Wang J.,Yang H.M.,Li Z.S.,Wang D.W.,Zhang A.M.,and Wang J.,2013,Draft genome of the wheat A-genome progenitor Triticum urartu,Nature,496(7443):87-90
Liu F.F.,Si H.Q.,Wang C.C.,Sun G.L.,Zhou E.,Chen C.,and Ma C.X.,2016,Molecular evolution of Wcor15 gene enhanced our understanding of the origin of A,B and Dgenomes in Triticum aestivum,Sci.Rep.,6:31706
Liu H.M.,Zhao Y.,Gu Y.,Zhang H.Y.,and Huang Y.B.,2010Characterization of codon usage of waxy genes in severa plants,Henongxue Bao(Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences),24(3):476-481(刘汉梅,赵耀,顾勇,张怀渝,黄玉碧,2010,几种植物waxy基因的密码子用法特性分析核农学报,24(3):476-481)
Pandey A.,Khan M.K.,Hakki E.E.,Thomas G.,Hamurcu M.,Gezgin S.,Gizlenci O.,and Akkaya M.S.,2016,Assessment of genetic variability for grain nutrients from diverse regions:potential for wheat improvement,Springer Plus,5(1):1912
Pfeifer M.,Kugler K.G.,Sandve S.R.,Zhan B.,Rudi H.,Hvidsten T.R.,Mayer K.F.,and Olsen O.A.,2014,Genome interplay in the grain transcriptome of hexaploid bread wheat,Science,345(6194):1250091
Shewry P.R.,and Hey S.J.,2016,Do we need to worry about eating wheat?Nutr.Bull.,41(1):6-13
Sun Y.,Zhang X.,Wu C.,He Y.,Ma Y.,Hou H.,Guo X.,Du W.,Zhao Y.,and Xia L.,2016,Engineering herbicide-resistant rice plants through crispr/cas9-mediated homologous recombination of acetolactate synthase,Mol.Plant,9(4):628-631
Yao Q.L.,Chen F.B.,Liu H.F.,and Fang P.,2015,Evolution of maize landrace varieties by Waxy sequences in southwest China,Yumi Kexue(Journal of Maize Sciences),23(5):33-38(姚启伦,陈发波,刘红芳,方平,2015,基于Waxy基因序列的西南地区玉米地方品种的演化,玉米科学,23(5):33-38)
Zheng H.J.,Wang H.,Yang H.,Wu J.H.,Shi B.,Cai R.,Xu Y.B.,Wu A.Z.,and Luo L.J.,2013,Genetic diversity and molecular evolution of Chinese waxy maize germplasm,PLoS One,8(6):e66606
Zimin A.V.,Puiu D.,Hall R.,Kingan S.,Clavijo B.J.,and Salzberg S.L.,2017,The first near-complete assembly of the hexaploid bread wheat genome,Triticum aestivum,GigaScience,6(11):1-7
Zong Y.,Wang Y.P.,Li C.,Zhang R.,Chen K.L.,Ran Y.D.,Qiu J.L.,Wang D.W.,and Gao C.X.,2017,Precise base editing in rice,wheat and maize with a Cas9-cytidine deaminase fusion,Nat.Biotechnol.,35(5):438-440
