摘要
泛希姬蝽Himacerus apterus(Fabricius)是半翅目姬蝽科中重要的天敌种类,本文旨在分析泛希姬蝽不同地理种群的遗传多样性和遗传分化情况。利用COI作为标记基因,使用DnaSP、Arlequin、MEGA等软件分析了中国4个省12个种群33个体的单倍型多样性、遗传结构分化、系统发育等。共发现19个单倍型,所有单倍型中仅H1为共享单倍型,为宁夏和陕西共有,且出现频率最高。总体单倍型多样性指数Hd=0.913,核苷酸多样性指数π=0.006,平均核苷酸差异数k=4.083。Tajima's D=-0.853,P>0.100,表明泛希姬蝽未经过种群扩张。AMOVA分析表明种群内的分子变异大于种群间分子变异,变异比例分别为45.393%和36.594%,遗传分化指数均大于0.250,差异水平极显著。泛希姬蝽不同地理种群遗传多样性较高,宁夏与内蒙古、山西、陕西省分组间存在极度的遗传分化。种群间遗传距离和地理距离无相关性,表明地理距离不是影响种群间遗传距离的重要因素。通过比较4个省采集点的环境特点,认为地区间基因流受限和气温、猎物的差异可能是影响遗传分化的重要因素。
Himacerus apterus(Fabricius) is an important natural enemy in Nabidae, Hemiptera, this study aims to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of different geographical populations of H. apterus. COI was used as a marker gene to analyze the haplotype diversity, genetic structure and phylogeny of 33 individuals from 12 populations in 4 provinces from China using softwares such as DnaSP, Arlequin and MEGA. A total of 19 haplotypes were found, only H1 was shared haplotype in Ningxia and Shaanxi Province, and the frequency of occurrence was the highest. Overall haplotype diversity index Hd=0.913, nucleotide diversity index π=0.006, the average number of nucleotide differences k=4.083. Tajima's D=-0.853, P>0.100, indicating that H. apterus did not undergo population expansion. AMOVA analysis showed that the molecular variation within population was greater than that among populations, the percentages of variation were 45.393% and 36.594%, respectively, and the genetic differentiation indexs were more than 0.250, with significant differences. There were high genetic diversity among the H. apterus populations and extreme genetic differentiation between Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi groups. There was no correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance between populations, geographical distance was not an important factor affecting the genetic distance between populations. By comparing the environmental characteristics of the four provinces, it was concluded that the limited gene flow and the differences of temperature and prey may be the important factors affecting the genetic differentiation.
引文
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