摘要
为探究灌溉施肥对河套灌区垄膜沟灌条件下土壤水热时空分布规律及春玉米产量的影响,于2017年4-9月,以春玉米"西蒙6号"为材料,通过4次垄膜沟灌试验,分别对比研究了400 mm(I1),300 mm(I2),200 mm(I3)灌水和600 kg·hm~(-2)磷酸二铵+300 kg·hm~(-2)尿素(F1),300 kg·hm~(-2)磷酸二铵+150 kg·hm~(-2)尿素(F2)施肥组合,即高水高肥(I1F1)、高水低肥(I1F2)、中水高肥(I2F1)、中水低肥(I2F2)、低水高肥(I3F1)、低水低肥(I3F2)等6个处理对土壤水分、温度时空变化的影响,并分析了春玉米产量及其水分利用状况。结果表明:整个生育期内各处理土壤温度和含水率受灌溉影响较大,每次灌溉后土壤温度显著降低,而土壤含水率显著升高;整个生长季内300 mm灌水处理不同土层土壤温度均最高,比I3、I1处理分别高0.1℃、0.6℃;其中I2F2处理不同土层土壤含水率比I1F1、I1F2处理分别低8.3%、9.2%,比I2F1、I3F1、I3F2处理分别高1.6%、11.1%、14.1%,为作物生长发育提供了良好的水热环境。I2F2水肥处理亦显著提高了玉米产量,与低水处理I3F2和I3F1相比分别提高了33.80%和21.95%,与高水处理(I1)无显著差异。因此,中水低肥处理适于春玉米垄膜沟灌种植模式在河套灌区的推广。
In order to better understand the spatial and temporal distribution of soil water,soil temperature,and the yield characteristics of spring maize under plastic-mulching ridge-furrow irrigation in the Hetao Irrigation District, 4 field irrigation experiments were conducted from April to September in 2017 to determine the effects of the following treatments: high water and high fertilizer(I1 F1),high water and low fertilizer(I1 F2), medium water and high fertilizer(I2 F1), medium water and low fertilizer(I2 F2),low water and high fertilizer(I3 F1),low water and low fertilizer(I3 F2) on soil moisture,soil temperature,water use efficiency and the yield of spring maize. The amount of irrigation water were 400 mm(I1),300 mm(I2) and 200 mm(I3), respectively. The two fertilization levels were 600 kg·hm~(-2) diamine phosphate plus 300 kg·hm~(-2) urea(F1), 300 kg·hm~(-2) diamine phosphate plus 150 kg·hm~(-2) urea(F2), respectively. The results showed that the irrigation had great influence on soil water and temperature properties. Soil temperature decreased significantly while soil water content increased significantly after each irrigation. The 300 mm of irrigation resulted in the highest soil temperature in every layer throughout the growing season that was 0.1℃ and 0.6℃ higher than that of I3 and I1,respectively. The soil water content of I2 F2 was 8.3% and 9.2% lower than that of I1 F1 and I1 F2,respectively and was 1.6%,11.1% and 14.1% higher than that of I2 F1,I3 F1 and I3 F2,respectively, which provided a good soil water and temperature environment for crop growth and development. The treatment of I2 F2 also significantly improved the yield of maize that was significantly higher by 33.80% compared with I3 F2 and 21.95% compared with I3 F1,but,no significant difference over high water treatment I1. The soil water,soil temperature,yield of spring maize, and water use efficiency in I2 F2 treatment were optimal for the production of spring maize under plastic-mulching ridge-furrow irrigation in the Hetao Irrigation District.
引文
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