摘要
探空湿度观测是获取湿度资料的重要手段,探空仪湿度传感器的性能会直接影响湿度的测量结果并对基于探空湿度资料识别的云层准确性造成影响。为更好地了解目前国内外探空仪湿度测量的准确性,回顾了大量国内外研究成果,简要介绍了国内外探空仪的类型及湿度传感器性能,归纳了探空仪湿度测量误差并探讨了湿度测量误差对云识别的影响。分析发现,探空仪湿度测量误差来源多样,是多种因素综合作用的结果。一般而言,在对流层低层温度较高的条件下,湿度测量的结果较为准确,云层识别较为可靠;但湿度传感器在低温条件下响应时间变长、灵敏度下降,导致云底的识别准确性要高于云顶,而识别的中、高云偏少;而高湿条件下,测湿元件易被沾湿,导致湿度异常偏高,从而使得识别的云层偏厚;探空仪普遍存在湿度异常偏低的情况,尤其是湿度较高的测站,从而导致云层漏判。
Sounding observation of humidity is an important means of obtaining the atmospheric humidity data.The measurement results of humidity and accuracy of cloud recognition based on that are directly affected by the performance of the radiosonde humidity sensor.In order to better understand the accuracy of the current measurement of the radiosonde at home and abroad,a large number of research results are reviewed.The types of radiosonde and the performance of its humidity sensor are briefly introduced.Moreover,the influence of humidity measurement error on cloud recognition is also discussed.The results show that the error sources of radiosonde humidity measurement are various and it's a comprehensive result of many factors.In general,accuracy of humidity measurement is more reliable in the low troposphere with high temperature and so with the cloud identification by the humidity.However,the response time is longer and sensitivity of humidity sensor is lower at low temperature,which results in the accuracy of cloud bottom recognition being higher than that of cloud top while the medium and high cloud recognized by radiosonde being less than the reality.Moreover,under high-humidity conditions,the humidity sensors are easily wetted,which leads to the abnormally high value of humidity and resulting in thicker cloud.Furthermore,the radiosonde generally has low humidity anomalies,especially when the synoptic station with high humidity,resulting in missing report of cloud.
引文
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