摘要
沙尘天气是强风把细小土壤颗粒携带到大气中去的一种现象,沙尘是连接有机界和无机界的重要媒介。总结了国内外沙尘对气象、生态系统、社会经济活动、人体健康与人类文明等方面影响的研究成果,提供了沙尘天气及沙尘气溶胶影响的较全面的认识,以期为沙尘研究提供思路和参考。研究表明,目前对海洋生态系统、人体健康的影响以及沙尘活动与气候变化关系的研究较多,而对陆地生态系统、气象、气候影响的机理性研究还不够深入,同时亟需开展沙尘对雾和霾天气的影响以及沙尘载带污染物效应的研究。沙尘影响生物圈的各个层面,可能引发重大的跨区域环境问题,因而引起全球关注。沙尘活动的强弱既受气候、环境变化的影响,也与人类活动密切相关。沙尘影响的研究表明对资源的过度追求而缺乏生态意识,可能会造成环境灾难和文明的衰退。
Aeolian dust is a phenomenon that strong wind entrains fine particles from soils. Dust is an important medium for coupling the organic and the inorganic spheres. Here we summarize a thorough knowledge of dust impacts on meteorology, climate, ecosystems, social activities, even human health and civilization, hoping to provide ideas and reference to further research. This study demonstrates that there was a better understanding of dust impacts on oceanic ecosystems, human health and the relationship between dust activity and climate change. However, the mechanism involved in the impacts on terrestrial ecosystems, meteorology and climate is remained not so clear so far. The study on the contributions of aeolian dust to haze and the effects of dust-carrying pollutants are urgently needed. In view of its various impacts on biosphere and the possible cross-regional environmental problems, the issue of dust attracts global concerns. The frequency of dust emission may be due to climatic, environmental changes or human activities. Studies on the impacts of dust showed that overuse of resources without ecological consciousness might cause environmental disaster and civilization collapse.
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