摘要
目的分析从孕期开始儿童成长环境中诱发注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的危险因素,为更好地预防ADHD的发生提供相关理论依据。方法 2018年4-9月采用SNAP-Ⅳ家长评定量表、Conners父母症状问卷、自制的儿童成长环境问卷以及艾森克人格问卷(EPQ,儿童版)对248例ADHD儿童和276例正常儿童进行调查研究,分析ADHD的非生物学影响因素。结果 Logistic回归分析显示不良孕期史(OR=2.788,95%CI:1.049～7.412),6个月内非纯母乳喂养(OR=2.365,95%CI:1.327～4.216),不当的教育方式(OR=3.139,95%CI:1.906～5.167),儿童不良饮食行为(OR=2.499,95%CI=1.449～4.139),儿童开始视屏的年龄<3岁(OR=3.577,95%CI:1.552～8.248)以及儿童偏精神质(OR=3.558,95%CI=1.357～9.326)或偏神经质的人格特征(OR=5.522,95%CI:2.435～12.521)都是诱发ADHD的危险因素。结论父亲生育年龄、母孕期因素、儿童生活方式及其人格特征均是ADHD的诱发因素,应引起有关部门重视。
Objective To explore the risk factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) in the growing environment of children starting from pregnancy,in order to provide relevant theoretical basis for better prevention of ADHD.Methods Totally 248 ADHD children and 276 normal children were enrolled in this study from April to September 2018.And the SNAP-Ⅳ Parent Rating Scale,the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire,the Self-made Child Growth Environment Questionnaire and the Children′s Version of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ) were used to investigate and analyze non-biological influencing factors of ADHD. Results Logistic regression analysis showed that history of the adverse pregnancy(OR=2.788,95%CI:1.049-7.412),non-exclusive breast-feeding under six months old(OR=2.365,95%CI:1.327-4.216),improper way of education(OR=3.139,95%CI:1.906-5.167),children′s poor dietary behavior(OR=2.499,95%CI=1.449-4.139),and using electronic screens under three years old at first(OR=3.577,95%CI:1.552-8.248),the children′s psycho-quality(OR=3.558,95%CI:1.357-9.326) or neurotic personality traits(OR=5.522,95%CI:2.435-12.521) were all the independent risk factors which can induce ADHD. Conclusion Paternal age at childbearing,maternal pregnancy,children′s lifestyle and personality characteristics are all risk factors for ADHD in children,which should be given concerns by related department.
引文
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