An Unmitigated Disaster: Shifting from Response and Recovery to Mitigation for an Insurable Future

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英文篇名：An Unmitigated Disaster: Shifting from Response and Recovery to Mitigation for an Insurable Future 作者：Eliza ; de ; Vet ; Christine ; Eriksen ; Kate ; Booth ; Shaun ; French 英文作者：Eliza de Vet;Christine Eriksen;Kate Booth;Shaun French;Australian Centre for Culture, Environment, Society and Space (ACCESS), School of Geography and Sustainable Communities, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong;Geography and Spatial Science, University of Tasmania;School of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Nottingham; 英文关键词：Australia;;Disaster mitigation;;Household insurance;;Household marginalization;;Household resilience;;Natural hazards 中文刊名：JDRS 英文刊名：国际灾害风险科学学报(英文版) 机构：Australian Centre for Culture, Environment, Society and Space (ACCESS), School of Geography and Sustainable Communities, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong;Geography and Spatial Science, University of Tasmania;School of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Nottingham; 出版日期：2019-06-15 出版单位：International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 年：2019 期：v.10 基金：funded by the Australian Research Council (DP170100096) 语种：英文; 页：JDRS201902004 页数：14 CN：02 ISSN：11-5970/N 分类号：35-48

摘要

Australian households are increasingly vulnerable to natural hazard-related disasters. To manage disaster risk, government commissioned inquiries have called for greater investment in mitigation. This article critically examines the call for a shift in funding priority towards pre-disaster mitigation measures, in the context of growing concerns around the ability of households to access and afford insurance. It examines mitigation measures in the context of three prominent Australian disasters: the Black Saturday bushfires(Victoria, 2009), the Queensland floods(2010–2011), and Cyclone Yasi(Queensland, 2011). We argue that as a mode of disaster security, mitigation operates as a complex assemblage of logics and practices of protection, preparedness, and resilience, which problematizes simplistic protection/resilience binaries. On the one hand, mitigation serves as a mode of protection, which underscores the dominant maladaptive rationality of insurance. It promises a collective solution to uninsurability that is limited by government fiscal constraints and growing employment of risk-reflective insurance pricing.On the other hand, there is evidence of an emergent rationality of household insurance as a path to resilience and preparedness—for example, in the development of insurance systems that price household retrofitting technologies and in the development of policyholder education campaigns. This resilience rationality holds the promise of securing individuals previously excluded from insurance.However, for householders lacking the necessary physical,cognitive, and financial capacities to make themselves and their properties resilient, the transition to a pre-disaster mitigation mode of security will likely do little to alleviate disadvantage and marginalization.
        Australian households are increasingly vulnerable to natural hazard-related disasters. To manage disaster risk, government commissioned inquiries have called for greater investment in mitigation. This article critically examines the call for a shift in funding priority towards pre-disaster mitigation measures, in the context of growing concerns around the ability of households to access and afford insurance. It examines mitigation measures in the context of three prominent Australian disasters: the Black Saturday bushfires(Victoria, 2009), the Queensland floods(2010–2011), and Cyclone Yasi(Queensland, 2011). We argue that as a mode of disaster security, mitigation operates as a complex assemblage of logics and practices of protection, preparedness, and resilience, which problematizes simplistic protection/resilience binaries. On the one hand, mitigation serves as a mode of protection, which underscores the dominant maladaptive rationality of insurance. It promises a collective solution to uninsurability that is limited by government fiscal constraints and growing employment of risk-reflective insurance pricing.On the other hand, there is evidence of an emergent rationality of household insurance as a path to resilience and preparedness—for example, in the development of insurance systems that price household retrofitting technologies and in the development of policyholder education campaigns. This resilience rationality holds the promise of securing individuals previously excluded from insurance.However, for householders lacking the necessary physical,cognitive, and financial capacities to make themselves and their properties resilient, the transition to a pre-disaster mitigation mode of security will likely do little to alleviate disadvantage and marginalization.

引文

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    1All figures in this article refer to US Dollars unless stated otherwise.At the time of writing 1 Australian Dollar equaled 0.74 US Dollars(xe.com, 30 July 2018).
    2‘‘Strata title allows individual ownership of part of a property(called a ‘lot’ and generally an apartment or townhouse), combined with shared ownership in the remainder(called ‘Common Property’e.g. foyers, driveways, gardens)through a legal entity called the owners corporation—or body corporate, strata company or community association, depending on your state or territory of residence and the type of scheme’’(Strata Community Association 2019).
    3A Bushfire Attack Level(BAL)is a means of measuring the severity of a building’s potential exposure to ember attack, radiant heat, and direct flame contact. The greater the distance from the fire the lower the heat flux, and therefore the construction standard is lower.
    4Cost–benefit calculates the tangible and intangible financial benefits as a return on the initial financial layout. The higher the ratio, the better the investment. A cost–benefit of 1.0 represents a full financial return, with higher numbers representing additional savings—a 2.0cost–benefit, for example, represents a twofold return.