摘要
活性氯的添加可以有效缓解反渗透膜生物污染的问题,但是也会破坏膜的分离层结构,造成膜选择透过性能的急剧变化.研制耐氯性能良好的芳香聚酰胺反渗透膜能简化预处理和清洗工艺,延长膜使用寿命,降低膜系统运行成本.此外,对氯化降解的反渗透膜进行修复,能恢复膜的分离性能,延长膜使用寿命,同时也能减少废弃反渗透膜对环境的污染.综述了反渗透膜耐氯性能以及氯化修复两方面的研究进展.首先,简要介绍芳香聚酰胺反渗透膜的氯化降解机理及氯化引起的性能变化.其次,从物理保护、纳米材料改性、苯环修饰、酰胺键修饰以及联合多重机制等多方面介绍了目前耐氯反渗透膜的研制手段及方法.再者,简要介绍了几种膜性能修复试剂及其应用.最后,对耐氯膜制备和膜氯化修复的研究方向和发展前景进行了总结与展望.
The addition of active chlorine can effectively alleviate the problem that reverse osmosis membrane is easy to be biological polluted, but it will also destroy the separation layer structure, causing a sharp change of permselectivity. The aromatic polyamide reverse osmosis membrane with good chlorine resistance can effectively simplify the pretreatment and cleaning process, prolong the service life and reduce the operating cost of the system. In addition, restoration of the chlorinated reverse osmosis membrane can restore the separation performance, extend the service life and reduce the environmental pollution caused by the abandoned reverse osmosis membrane.The RO membrane′s chlorine resistance and performance restoration after chlorination were reviewed.Firstly,the mechanism and permselectivity change of chlorination degradation of aromatic polyamide reverse osmosis membrane were introduced.Secondly,the research on chlorine-resistant reverse osmosis membrane was divided into five aspects:physical protection,introduction of nanomaterials,benzene ring modification,amide linkage modification and joint multiple mechanisms.Moreover,several kinds of membrane performance restorated reagents and their applications were introduced.Finally,the research direction and development prospect of chlorine-resistant membrane preparation and restoration after chlorination were summarized and prospected.
引文
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