摘要
This paper proposes a design and control approach to parallel resonant converter(PRC) based battery chargers.The proposed approach is particularly suitable for the constant-current constant-voltage(CC-CV)charging method, which is the most commonly utilized one.Since the PRC is operated at two different frequencies for each CC and CV charging modes, this approach eliminates the need for complicated control techniques such as the frequency-control and phase-shift-control.The proposed method not only simplifies the design and implementation processes of the converter unit but also simplifies the design of output filter configuration and decreases the number of the required components for the control of the charger.The proposed method is confirmed by two experimental setups.The results show that the designed charger circuit ensured a very stable constant current in CC charging phase, where the charging current is fixed to 1.75 A.Although a voltage increase in CV phase is observed, the charger circuit is able to decrease the charging current to 0.5 A in CV phase, as depicted in battery data-sheet.The efficiency of the charger is figured out to be in the range of 86%-93% in the first setup, while it is found to be in the range of 78%-88% in the second setup,where a high frequency transformer is employed.
This paper proposes a design and control approach to parallel resonant converter(PRC) based battery chargers.The proposed approach is particularly suitable for the constant-current constant-voltage(CC-CV)charging method, which is the most commonly utilized one.Since the PRC is operated at two different frequencies for each CC and CV charging modes, this approach eliminates the need for complicated control techniques such as the frequency-control and phase-shift-control.The proposed method not only simplifies the design and implementation processes of the converter unit but also simplifies the design of output filter configuration and decreases the number of the required components for the control of the charger.The proposed method is confirmed by two experimental setups.The results show that the designed charger circuit ensured a very stable constant current in CC charging phase, where the charging current is fixed to 1.75 A.Although a voltage increase in CV phase is observed, the charger circuit is able to decrease the charging current to 0.5 A in CV phase, as depicted in battery data-sheet.The efficiency of the charger is figured out to be in the range of 86%-93% in the first setup, while it is found to be in the range of 78%-88% in the second setup,where a high frequency transformer is employed.
引文
[1]Chuang YC, Ke YL, Chang SY(2009)Highly-efficient battery chargers with parallel-loaded resonant converters. In:Proceedings of IEEE industry applications society annual meeting,Houston, USA, 4–8 October 2009, 10 pp
[2]Schalkwijk WAV, Scrosati B(2002)Advances in lithium-ion batteries. Springer, Germany
[3]Rand DAJ, Moseley P, Jürgen GCP(2004)Charging techniques for VRLA batteries. Elsevier, Holland
[4]Chuang YC, Chuang HS, Liao YH et al(2014)A novel battery charger circuit with an improved parallel-loaded resonant converter for rechargeable batteries in mobile power applications.In:Proceedings of IEEE 23rd international symposium on industrial electronics, Istanbul, Turkey, 1–4 June 2014, 7 pp
[5]Chuang YC, Ke YL, Chuang HS et al(2011)Analysis and implementation of half-bridge series parallel resonant converter for battery chargers. IEEE Trans Ind Appl 47(1):258–270
[6]Chandrasekhar P, Reddy SR(2009)Analysis and design of embedded controlled parallel resonant converter. Annals of Dunarea De Jos 32(1):24–29
[7]Chuang YC, Ke YL(2007)A novel high-efficiency battery charger with a buck zero-voltage-switching resonant converter.IEEE Trans Energy Convers 22(4):848–854
[8]Deng J, Li S, Hu S et al(2014)Design methodology of LLC resonant converters for electric vehicle battery chargers. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 63(4):1581–1592
[9]Gu B, Lin CY, Chen B et al(2013)Zero-voltage-switching PWM resonant full-bridge converter with minimized circulating losses and minimal voltage stresses of bridge rectifiers for electric vehicle battery chargers. IEEE Trans Power Electron28(10):4657–4667
[10]Hu S, Deng J, Mi C et al(2014)Optimal design of line level control resonant converters in plugin hybrid electric vehicle battery chargers. IET Electr Syst Transp 4(1):21–28
[11]Han HG, Choi YJ, Choi SY et al(2016)A high efficiency LLC resonant converter with wide ranged output voltage using adaptive turn ratio scheme for a Li-ion battery charger. In:Proceedings of 2016 IEEE vehicle power and propulsion conference, Hangzhou, China, 17–20 October 2016, 6 pp
[12]He P, Khaligh A(2016)Design of 1 kW bidirectional halfbridge CLLC converter for electric vehicle charging systems.In:Proceedings of 2016 IEEE international conference on power electronics, drives and energy systems, Trivandrum,India, 14–17 December 2016, 6 pp
[13]Lee YS, Han BM, Lee JY et al(2013)New three-phase onboard battery charger without electrolytic capacitor for PHEV application. In:Proceedings of 28th annual IEEE applied power electronics conference and exposition, Long Beach, USA,17–21 March 2013, 6 pp
[14]Kang YG, Upadhyay A(1988)Analysis and design of a halfbridge parallel resonant converter. IEEE Trans Power Electron3(3):254–265
[15]Kang YG, Upadhyay A, Stephens D(1991)Analysis and design of a half-bridge parallel resonant converter operating above resonance. IEEE Trans Ind Appl 27(2):386–395
[16]Chen W, Wu X, Yao L et al(2015)A step-up resonant converter for grid-connected renewable energy sources. IEEE Trans Power Electron 30(6):3017–3029
[17]Wu X, Chen W, Hu R et al(2014)A transformerless step-up resonant converter for grid-connected renewable energy sources. In:Proceedings of IEEE energy conversion congress and exposition, Pittsburgh, USA, 14–18 September 2014, 6 pp
[18]Wang H, Khaligh A(2013)Comprehensive topological analyses of isolated resonant converters in PEV battery charging applications. In:Proceedings of transportation electrification conference and expo, Detroit, USA, 16–19 June 2013, 7 pp
[19]Alonso J, Perdig?o M, Vaquero D et al(2012)Analysis, design,andexperimentationonconstant-frequencyDC-DCresonantconverters with magnetic control. IEEE Trans Power Electron27(3):1369–1382
[20]Ryu SH, Kim DH, Kim MJ et al(2014)Adjustable frequencyduty-cycle hybrid control strategy for full-bridge series resonant converters in electric vehicle chargers. IEEE Trans Ind Electron61(10):5354–5362
[21]Dananjayan P, ShRam V, Chellamuthu C(1998)A flyback constant frequency ZCS-ZVS quasi-resonant converter. Microelectron J 29(8):495–504
[22]Pitel I(1986)Phase-modulated resonant power conversion techniques for high-frequency link inverters. IEEE Trans Ind Appl 22(6):1044–1051
[23]Tsai FS, Materu P, Lee FC(1987)Constant-frequency,clamped-mode resonant converters. In:Proceedings of power electronics specialists conference, Blacksburg, USA, 21–26June 1987, 10 pp
[24]Tsai FS, Sabate J, Lee F(1989)Constant-frequency, zerovoltage-switched, clamped-mode parallel resonant converter. In:Proceedings of telecommunications energy conference, Florence, Italy, 15–18 October 1989, 7 pp
[25]Falco GD, Gargiulo M, Breglio G et al(2012)Design of a parallel resonant converter as a constant current source with microcontroller-based output current regulation control. In:Proceedings of power electronics, electrical drives, automation and motion, Sorrento, Italy, 20–22 June 2012, 4 pp
[26]Chung S, Kang B, Kim M(2013)Constant frequency control of LLC resonant converter using switched capacitor. Electron Lett49(24):1556–1558
[27]LeeBK,KimJP,KimSGetal(2016)APWMSRT DC/DC converter for 6.6-kW EV on board charger.IEEE Trans Ind Electron 63(2):894–902
[28]Valipour M, Banihabib ME, Behbahani SMR(2013)Comparison of the ARMA, ARIMA, and the autoregressive artificial neural network models in forecasting the monthly inflow of Dez dam reservoir. J Hydrol 476:433–441
[29]Giri F, Maguiri OE, Fadil HE et al(2011)Nonlinear adaptive outputfeedbackcontrolofseriesresonantDC-DCconverters.Control Eng Pract 19(10):1238–1251
[30]Elmaguiri O, Giri F, Fadil HE et al(2009)Adaptive control of a class of resonant DC-to-DC converters.IFAC Proceedings Volumes 42(9):290–295
[31]Gücin TN, Biberoglu M, Fincan B(2015)A constant current constant-voltage charging based control and design approach for the parallel resonant converter.In:Proceedings of international conferenceonrenewableenergyresearchandapplications,Palermo, Italy, 22–25 November 2015, 6 pp
[32]Bucher A, Durbaum T, Kubrich D et al(2006)Comparison of different design methods for the parallel resonant converter. In:Proceedings of power electronics and motion control conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, 30 August–1 September 2006, 5 pp
[33]Johnson S, Erickson R(1988)Steady-state analysis and design of the parallel resonant converter. IEEE Trans Power Electron3(1):93–104
[34]Oruganti R, Lee FC(1985)State-plane analysis of parallel resonant converter. In:Proceedings of power electronics specialists conference, Toulouse, France, 24–28 June 1985, 8 pp
[35]Biberoglu M, Gucin TN, Fincan B(2016)Analyzing the influences of high frequency transformers utilized in parallel resonant converters. In:Proceedings of 2016 IEEE international conference on renewable energy research and applications,Birmingham, UK, 20–23 November 2016, 6 pp
[36]Fincan B, Gucin TN, Biberoglu M(2016)Extending the state plane analysis of parallel resonant converter by incorporating several non-ideality sources.In:Proceedings of 18th European conferenceonpowerelectronicsandapplications,Karlsruhe,Germany, 5–9 September 2016, 11 pp
[37]Fincan B, Ustun O(2014)A study on solutions for wireless energy transfer limitations. In:Proceedings of 7th IET international conference on power electronics, machines and drives,Manchester, UK, 8–10 April 2014, 6 pp
