摘要
河流筑坝将异养的自然河流转变成自养的"蓄水河流"(下称水库),使得河流生源物质循环过程和输向海洋的物质性质及其通量发生变化。由于生源要素碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)、硅(Si)在生物过程中的行为不同,导致水库中生源要素有机碳(OC)、P和Si的循环效率不同,依次是Si>OC>P;而全球尺度上水库对生源要素的滞留效率表现为N>C>P>Si。水库的沉积埋藏作用构成河流OC的净汇。元素生态化学计量特征与稳定同位素组成联合使用可有效示踪生源物质在水库中的迁移转化过程。随着人类对清洁能源需求的增加,河流水库群建设强度将会增大,梯级筑坝下流域系统生源物质动力学的变化规律及其生态环境累积效应等科学问题应引起生物地球化学循环研究领域的关注。
River damming transforms allotropic natural rivers into autotrophic 'impound river'( referred to " reservoir"),which changes the processes of river biogenic substance cycle and the matter properties as well as export flux from land to ocean,thus becoming one of the key problems of element biogeochemical cycle. Due to the different behavior of biogenic substances( C,N,P,Si) in biological processes,biogenic substances cycle efficiency is different,in turns,Silicon( Si) > Organic Carbon( OC) > Phosphorus( P). The migration and transformation processes of C and Si are significantly affected by phytoplankton and water retention time. Nitrogen( N) and P are mainly affected by water pH,temperature,Dissolved Oxygen( DO) and retention time. The retention efficiency of biogenic substances is shown as N>C>P >Si at the global scale. Besides,the sedimentation and burial processes of reservoirs constitute the net sink of OC in rivers. River damming alters the stoichiometric characteristics of water elements,nutrient constraints,aquatic communities composition and the coupling effect of C/N/P/Si. The stable isotopic compositions of C,N and Si can effectively trace the source,migration and transformation of biogenic matter.A combination of elements stoichiometric characteristics and stable isotopic composition could effectively indicate the change of source materials in reservoirs. With the increasing demand for clean energy,the intensity of river damming and reservoir construction will increase. Thus,a series of scientific problems including changing law of biogenic substance migration and transformation dynamic,as well as accumulation effect of ecological environment in watershed systems by river cascade damming,should need to be concerned in the biogeochemistry cycle study.
引文
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