摘要
以酰胺直接转化的C—C键形成方法为主线,简要回顾近年取得的主要突破.内容涵盖基于三氟甲磺酸酐活化、化学选择性试剂的还原官能化策略,以及两类催化转化.这些重要进展表明温和条件下的酰胺转化可达到优异的化学选择性、官能团容忍性和较好的底物普适性,转化产物还包括多种官能化的胺、酮和烯胺酯(酮)化合物等,并已在天然产物和生理活性化合物的合成中得到应用与检验.
Amides are a class of easily available compounds, and widely serve as versatile intermediates in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. Amide-based transformations could lead to many useful compounds and intermediates including various amines, ketones and enaminones. Though direct transformation of amides is of high demand, many current chemoselective transformations are only achieved in multistep approaches. In recent years, direct transformation of amides is emerging as an exciting area. A number of recent progresses on nucleophilic addition to amide carbonyl group that led to new C—C bond formation are highlighted in this review, including(1) in situ amide activation with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride(Tf_2O) followed by addition of π-and σ-nucleophiles or reactive organometallic reagents;(2) direct transformation of N-alkoxyamides;(3) direct transformation of amides using Schwartz reagent; and(4) catalytic reductive C—C bond forming reactions of amides, and metal catalyzed coupling of amides.
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