摘要
根据西安市金盆水库水文水力特征,充分考虑水库入流、出流、水气界面热交换、热扩散、热对流等影响因素,运用MIKE3软件建立了三维水温模型对金盆水库水温结构进行模拟,并基于2010年实测水温数据对模型参数进行了率定,运用2011年实测水温数据对模型进行验证,运用率定后的模型预测上游不同入库水水温及汛期泄洪洞中孔位置的改变对水温结构的影响,计算结果表明,上游入库水温度增加或减小会导致均温层水温相应的增加或减小;泄洪洞中孔位置上移将引起温跃层厚度减小,温度梯度也相应增大,泄洪洞中孔位置下移则会导致温跃层厚度增大,温度梯度减小。该模型能准确预测出金盆水库水温全年变化过程,具有较高的有效性和实用性,可为水源水库调度运行提供科学依据。
A 3-D water temperature model in the framework of MIKE3 was developed in this study to simulate the thermal stratification in the Jinpen Reservoir of Xi'an, focusing on three factors: heat exchange in the water body driven by effective diffusion and convection, inflow and outflow, and airwater heat exchange. The model parameters were determined using field measurements conducted in 2010, and the simulations were verified against field data collected in 2011. The model was applied to the predictions of different water temperature patterns in response to changes in inflow temperature or flood tunnel elevation. The simulations showed that a rise or drop in inflow temperature produced a corresponding rise or drop in hypolimnion temperature, and that releasing water through a higher dam outlet tunnel caused smaller thermocline thickness and greater temperature gradient. Thus, this water temperature model is able to reproduce with a satisfactory accuracy the stratified patterns of water temperature and their annual variations in response to hydrological and climate conditions, and it is recommended in this study for supporting the operation of the Jinpen Reservoir.
引文
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