摘要
糖尿病是一种临床常见疾病,具有遗传倾向的葡萄糖代谢异常和内分泌障碍性疾病,它是由于胰岛素分泌绝对或者相对不足引起。近年来,糖尿病的发病率、死亡率呈上升趋势,不同类别的糖尿病(1型、2型)、妊娠糖尿病和其他类型的糖尿病可从诊断标准、病因和遗传学方面进行比较。近年来,许多著名的研究人员和研究小组在生物医学领域进行了大量分子遗传学研究并受到广泛关注。一个大型阵列的突变和单核苷酸多态性的基因,在不同的步骤和途径参与葡萄糖代谢并对胰岛细胞在不同的发展、调控和功能方面发挥重要作用。本文在这一领域的不同类型的糖尿病的分子遗传学主要进展进行了简要回顾。尽管在分子和细胞水平上积累了大量的研究,糖尿病的发展和并发症的机制还没有完全明确。当然,在这一领域中,尚需要更广泛的研究,以提高诊断,治疗和减少慢性并发症的发展。
引文
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