摘要
植物多酚是植物体内带有多个酚基的有机化合物,它表现出多种生物化学活性和药理学活性,近年来关于它的研究主要集中于其抗氧化、抗炎、抗动脉粥样硬化、抗细胞增殖活性等功能,而其对缺血再灌注发挥保护作用可能是通过减少活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)生成,抑制脂质过氧化,降低再灌注期间固定白细胞数量以及减少补体激活从而减少炎症反应等机制发挥作用;除此之外,植物多酚也影响和调控一些细胞层面的活动比如信号转导、增殖、凋亡等。本文主要综述有关植物多酚在脑缺血/再灌注模型损伤中对神经元保护作用的研究进展。
Plant polyphenols are organic compounds with multiple phenol groups in plants, which show various biochemical and pharmacological activities. Recently,considerable interest has been focused on polyphenols because of their antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anti-proliferative activities. Its protective effect on ischemia reperfusion may be caused by reducing reactive oxygen species(ROS) production, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, reducing the number of fixed white blood cells during reperfusion, and reducing the activation of complement, thus reducing the inflammatory reaction.In addition, plant polyphenols also affect and regulate some cellular activities such as signal transduction, proliferation and apoptosis. This article reviews the neuroprotective effects of plant extracts and their constituents that have been used in models of cerebral ischemia reperfusion.
引文
[1]Del Rio D,Rodriguez-Mateos A,Spencer J P,et al.Dietary(poly)phenolics in human health:structures,bioavailability,and evidence of protective effects against chronic diseases[J].Antioxidants&redox signaling,2013,18(14):1818-92.
[2]KB P,SI R.Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease[J].Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity,2009,2(5):270-8.
[3]Tufarelli V,Casalino E,D’Alessandro A,et al.Dietary Phenolic Compounds:Biochemistry,Metabolism and Significance in Animal and Human Health[J].Curr Drug Metab,2017,18(10):905-13.
[4]Manach C,Scalbert A,Morand C,et al.Polyphenols:food sources and bioavailability[J].Am J Clin Nutr,2004,79(5):727-47.
[5]Pietta P G.Flavonoids as antioxidants[J].Journal of natural products,2000,63(7):1035-42.
[6]J T,M P,Q Y.Protective effect of epicatechin,epicatechin gallate,and quercetin on lipid peroxidation in phospholipid bilayers[J].Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics,1994,308(1):278-84.
[7]Mangiapane H,Thomson J,Salter A,et al.The inhibition of the oxidation of low density lipoprotein by(+)-Catechin,a naturally occurring flavonoid[J].Biochemical Pharmacology,1992,43(3):445-50.
[8]Landete J.Updated knowledge about polyphenols:functions,bioavailability,metabolism,and health[J].Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr,2012,52(10):936-48.
[9]Pascualteresa S D,Santosbuelga C,Rivasgonzalo J C.Quantitative analysis of flavan-3-ols in Spanish foodstuffs and beverages[J].J Agric Food Chem,2000,48(11):5331-7.
[10]Alan Crozier,?,?M E J L,And M D,?,et al.Quantitative Analysis of the Flavonoid Content of Commercial Tomatoes,Onions,Lettuce,and Celery[J].Journal of Agricultural&Food Chemistry,1997,45(3):590-5.
[11]Gupta A,Kagliwal L,Singhal R.Biotransformation of polyphenols for improved bioavailability and processing stability[J].Adv Food Nutr Res,2013,69:183-217.
[12]GONG~Q-h.Inhibition of caspases and intracellular free Ca~(2+)concentrations are involved in resveratrol protection against apoptosis in rat primary neuron cultures[J].Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,2010,28(11):1724-30.
[13]Li Z,Pang L,Fang F,et al.Resveratrol attenuates brain damage in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia via up-regulation of hippocampal Bcl-2[J].Brain research,2012,1450:116-24.
[14]Shin J A,Lee H,Lim Y K,et al.Therapeutic effects of resveratrol during acute periods following experimental ischemic stroke[J].Journal of neuroimmunology,2010,227(1-2):93-100.
[15]Legeay S,Rodier M,Fillon L,et al.Epigallocatechin Gallate:A Review of Its Beneficial Properties to Prevent Metabolic Syndrome[J].Nutrients,2015,7(7):5443-68.
[16]陈祚,李莹,赵连成,等.饮茶与脑卒中关系的研究[J].中华流行病学杂志,2004(08):27-31.
[17]Zhang S,Liu Y,Zhao Z,et al.Effects of green tea polyphenols on caveolin-1of microvessel fragments in rats with cerebral ischemia[J].Neurological research,2010,32(9):963-70.
[18]Park J W,Jang Y H,Kim J M,et al.Green tea polyphenol(-)-epigallocatechin gallate reduces neuronal cell damage and up-regulation of MMP-9 activity in hippocampal CA1 and CA2 areas following transient global cerebral ischemia[J].Journal of neuroscience research,2009,87(2):567-75.
[19]Panickar K S,Polansky M M,Anderson R A.Green tea polyphenols attenuate glial swelling and mitochondrial dysfunction following oxygenglucose deprivation in cultures[J].Nutritional neuroscience,2009,12(3):105-13.
[20]Gu J H,Ge J B,Li M,et al.Inhibition of NF-kappaB activation is associated with anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of Ginkgolide B in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury[J].European journal of pharmaceutical sciences:official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences,2012,47(4):652-60.
[21]Chandrasekaran K,Mehrabian Z,Spinnewyn B,et al.Neuroprotective effects of bilobalide,a component of the Ginkgo biloba extract(EGb 761),in gerbil global brain ischemia[J].Brain research,2001,922(2):282-92.
[22]Calapai G,Crupi A,Firenzuoli F,et al.Neuroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract in brain ischemia are mediated by inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis[J].Life sciences,2000,67(22):2673-83.
[23]Ahlemeyer B,Junker V,Huhne R,et al.Neuroprotective effects of NV-31,a bilobalide-derived compound:evidence for an antioxidative mechanism[J].Brain research,2001,890(2):338-42.
[24]Xie C J,Gu A P,Cai J,et al.Curcumin protects neural cells against ischemic injury in N2a cells and mouse brain with ischemic stroke[J].Brain and behavior,2018,8(2):e00921.
[25]Funk J L,Frye J B,Davis-Gorman G,et al.Curcuminoids limit neutrophilmediated reperfusion injury in experimental stroke by targeting the endothelium[J].Microcirculation(New York,NY,2013,20(6):544-54.
[26]Wang Q,Tompkins K D,Simonyi A,et al.Apocynin protects against global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion-induced oxidative stress and injury in the gerbil hippocampus[J].Brain research,2006,1090(1):182-9.
[27]Ha H J,Kwon Y S,Park S M,et al.Quercetin attenuates oxygen-glucose deprivation-and excitotoxin-induced neurotoxicity in primary cortical cell cultures[J].Biological&pharmaceutical bulletin,2003,26(4):544-6.
[28]Lapi D,Vagnani S,Pignataro G,et al.Protective Effects of Quercetin on Rat Pial Microvascular Changes during Transient Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion and Reperfusion[J].Frontiers in physiology,2012,3:32.
[29]Bao C,Wang Y,Min H,et al.Combination of ginsenoside Rg1 and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in the treatment of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats[J].Cellular physiology and biochemistry:international journal of experimental cellular physiology,biochemistry,and pharmacology,2015,37(3):901-10.
[30]Shen L,Zhang J.Ginsenoside Rg1 increases ischemia-induced cell proliferation and survival in the dentate gyrus of adult gerbils[J].Neuroscience letters,2003,344(1):1-4.
[31]Ma Y,Sullivan J C,Schreihofer D A.Dietary genistein and equol(4’,7isoflavandiol)reduce oxidative stress and protect rats against focal cerebral ischemia[J].American journal of physiology Regulatory,integrative and comparative physiology,2010,299(3):R871-7.
[32]Qian Y,Guan T,Huang M,et al.Neuroprotection by the soy isoflavone,genistein,via inhibition of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathways and reactive oxygen induced-NF-kappaB activation in a cerebral ischemia mouse model[J].Neurochemistry international,2012,60(8):759-67.
[33]Gao L,Ji X,Song J,et al.Puerarin protects against ischemic brain injury in a rat model of transient focal ischemia[J].Neurological research,2009,31(4):402-6.
[34]Xu X H,Zheng X X,Zhou Q,et al.Inhibition of excitatory amino acid efflux contributes to protective effects of puerarin against cerebral ischemia in rats[J].Biomedical and environmental sciences:BES,2007,20(4):336-42.
[35]Cho J,Lee H K.Wogonin inhibits ischemic brain injury in a rat model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion[J].Biological&pharmaceutical bulletin,2004,27(10):1561-4.
[36]Lee B,Choi Y,Kim H,et al.Protective effects of methanol extract of Acori graminei rhizoma and Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus on ischemia-induced neuronal death and cognitive impairments in the rat[J].Life sciences,2003,74(4):435-50.
[37]Pu F,Mishima K,Egashira N,et al.Protective effect of buckwheat polyphenols against long-lasting impairment of spatial memory associated with hippocampal neuronal damage in rats subjected to repeated cerebral ischemia[J].Journal of pharmacological sciences,2004,94(4):393-402.
