摘要
<正>血管性认知功能障碍(Vascular cognitive impairment,VCI)是由心脑血管病的危险因素(高血压病、糖尿病、高脂血症和高同型半胱氨酸血症等)、显性脑血管病(脑梗死和脑出血等)及非显性脑血管病(白质疏松和弥漫性脑缺血等)引起的一组从轻度认知损害到痴呆的综合征~([1])。随着我国人口老年化的发展,VCI在我国的发病率呈逐年上升趋势,给家庭和社会带来
引文
[1]Kalaria RN.Neuropathological diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment and vascular dementia with implications for Alzheimer’s disease[J].Acta Neuropathol,2016,131(5):659-685.
[2]Frances A,Sandra O,Lucy U.Vascular cognitive impairment,a cardiovascular complication[J].World J Psychiatry,2016,6(2):199-207.
[3]Gons RA,Van Norden AG,De laat KF,et al.Cigarette smoking is associated with reduced microstructural integrity of cerebral white matter[J].Brain,2011,134(Pt 7):2116-2124.
[4]Markidan J,Cole JW,Cronin CA,et al.Smoking and Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Young Men[J].Stroke,2018,49(5):1276-1278.
[5]Lu Y,An Y,Guo J,et al.Dietary Intake of Nutrients and Lifestyle Affect the Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Chinese Elderly Population:A Cross-Sectional Study[J].Front Behav Neurosci,2016,10(118):229.
[6]Kalaria RN,Akinyemi R,Ihara M.Stroke injury,cognitive impairment and vascular dementia[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,2016,1862(5):915-925.
[7]Popa-Wagner A,Buga AM,Popescu B,et al.Vascular cognitive impairment,dementia,aging and energy demand.A vicious cycle[J].J Neural Transm(Vienna),2015,122(Suppl 1):47-54.
[8]Dong L,Xiao R,CAI C,et al.Diet,lifestyle and cognitive function in old Chinese adults[J].Arch Gerontol Geriatr,2016,63(4):36-42.
[9]Ashby-Mitchell K,Peeters A,Anstey KJ.Role of dietary pattern analysis in determining cognitive status in elderly Australian adults[J].Nutrients,2015,7(2):1052-1067.
[10]Janssen CI,Zerbi V,Mutsaers MP,et al.Impact of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on cognition,motor skills and hippocampal neurogenesis in developing C57BL/6J mice[J].The Journal of nutritional biochemistry,2015,26(1):24-35.
[11]Wright CB,Flores A.Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment[J].Neurology Clinical practice,2015,5(3):201-208.
[12]Sun JH,Tan L,YU JT.Post-stroke cognitive impairment:epidemiology,mechanisms and management[J].Ann Transl Med,2014,2(8):80.
[13]O’brien JT,Thomas A.Vascular dementia[J].Lancet(London,England),2015,386(10004):1698-1706.
[14]Hawkins MA,Gunstad J,Dolansky MA,et al.Greater body mass index is associated with poorer cognitive functioning in male heart failure patients[J].J Card Fail,2014,20(3):199-206.
[15]Bischof GN,P…DC.Obesity and Aging:Consequences for Cognition,Brain Structure,and Brain Function[J].Psychosom Med,2015,77(6):697-709.
[16]Santisteban M,Iadecola C.Hypertension,dietary salt and cognitive impairment[J].J Cereb Blood Flow Metab,2018,38(12):2112-2128.
[17]Hachinski V,Ganten D,Lackland D,et al.Implementing the proclamation of stroke and potentially preventable dementias[J].J Clin Hypertens(Greenwich),2018,13(8):780-786.
[18]Kloppenborg RP,Nederkoorn PJ,Grool AM,et al.Do Lacunar Infarcts Have Different Aetiologies?Risk Factor Profiles of Lacunar Infarcts in Deep White Matter and Basal Ganglia:The Second Manifestations of ARTerial Disease-Magnetic Resonance Study[J].Cerebrovasc Dis,2017,43(3-4):161-168.
[19]Rutten-Jacobs LC A,Markus HS,Study UKYLSD.Vascular Risk Factor Profiles Differ Between Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Defined Subtypes of Younger-Onset Lacunar Stroke[J].Stroke,2017,48(9):2405-2411.
[20]Kitagaw AK,Miwa K,Yagit AY,et al.Association between carotid stenosis or lacunar infarction and incident dementia in patients with vascular risk factors[J].Eur J Neurol,2015,22(1):187-192.
[21]Tadic M,Cuspidi C,Hering D.Hypertension and cognitive dysfunction in elderly:blood pressure management for this global burden[J].BMCCardiovasc Disord,2016,16(1):208.
[22]Ding J,Sigurethsson S,Jonsson PV,et al.Large Perivascular Spaces Visible on Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Progression,and Risk of Dementia:The Age,Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study[J].JAMA Neurol,2017,74(9):1105-1112.
[23]Arba F,Quinn TJ,Hankey GJ,et al.Enlarged perivascular spaces and cognitive impairment after stroke and transient ischemic attack[J].Int J Stroke,2018,13(1):47-56.
[24]Valenti R,Del Bene A,Poggesi A,et al.Cerebral microbleeds in patients with mild cognitive impairment and small vessel disease:The Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment(VMCI)-Tuscany study[J].Journal of the Neurological Sciences,2016,368:(15)195-202.
[25]Gong L,Liu XY,Fang M.Recent progress on small vessel disease with cognitive impairment[J].International journal of clinical and experimental medicine,2015,8(5):7701-7709.
[26]Moran C,Beare R,Phan T,et al.Neuroimaging and its Relevance to Understanding Pathways Linking Diabetes and Cognitive Dysfunction[J].J Alzheimers Dis,2017,59(2):405-419.
[27]Dichgans M,Zietemann V.Prevention of vascular cognitive impairment[J].Stroke,2012,43(11):3137-3146.
[28]易建,万幼云,刘明瑜,等.糖尿病患者血糖波动与轻度认知功能障碍的关系[J].卒中与神经疾病,2018,25(4):456-460.
[29]钟昌宝,梁振达,李南.阿托伐他汀与洛伐他汀治疗2型糖尿病合并缺血性脑卒中的随机对照临床研究[J].中国临床药理学杂志,2018,34(13):1497-1500.
[30]Qu Y,Zhuo L,Li N,et al.Prevalence of post-stroke cognitive impairment in china:a community-based,cross-sectional study[J].PLoSOne,2015,10(4):e0122864.
[31]Jokinen H,Melkas S,Ylikoski R,et al.Post-stroke cognitive impairment is common even after successful clinical recovery[J].Eur J Neurol,2015,22(9):1288-1294.
[32]Desilles JP,Syvannarath V,Di Meglio L,et al.Downstream Microvascular Thrombosis in Cortical Venules Is an Early Response to Proximal Cerebral Arterial Occlusion[J].Journal of the American Heart Association,2018,7(5):e007804.
[33]Tariq S,D’Esterre CD,Sajobi TT,et al.A longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study of neurodegenerative and small vessel disease,and clinical cognitive trajectories in non demented patients with transient ischemic attack:the PREVENT study[J].BMC Geriatr,2018,18(1):163.
[34]黄耀忠,王永健,李明海,等.血浆脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2水平与急性颈动脉硬化性脑梗死防治效果及硬化斑块稳定性的相关性研究[J].卒中与神经疾病,2018,25(03):272,275,80.
[35]刘琰凤,吐尔逊·沙比尔,努尔比亚·吾买尔.缺血性脑卒中患者血清胱抑素C与颈动脉粥样硬化间关系的研究进展[J].中国动脉硬化杂志,2016,24(09):969-972.
[36]An XL,Li CL.Analysis of risk factors for vascular cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral infarction[J].Cell Biochem Biophys,2015,71(2):673-677.
[37]王莉,沈娟,陈从新,等.血液同型半胱氨酸水平与不同亚型脑卒中相关性的Meta分析[J].中国老年学杂志,2018,38(09):2052-2055.
[38]Gorelick PB,Scuteri A,Black SE,et al.Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia:a statement for healthcare professionals from the american heart association/american stroke association[J].Stroke,2011,42(9):2672-2713.
[39]Bink DI,Ritz K,Aronica E,et al.Mouse models to study the effect of cardiovascular risk factors on brain structure and cognition[J].J Cereb Blood Flow Metab,2013,33(11):1666-1684.
[40]Yang T,Sun Y,Lu Z,et al.The impact of cerebrovascular aging on vascular cognitive impairment and dementia[J].Ageing Res Rev,2017,34:15-29.
