摘要
采用可再生资源(如植物油、动物油和废弃油脂等)制备生物柴油是有效解决能源供给问题和化石燃料引发的环境问题的有效途径之一。综述了油脂加氢脱氧(HDO)制得的生物柴油具有的优点及涉及的反应,并详细叙述了催化反应机理。重点介绍了贵金属催化剂(如Rh、Pt、Pd和Ru)和过渡金属Mo和Ni催化剂用于油脂HDO的反应机理,阐述了催化剂中金属种类、载体性质和助剂等对油脂催化HDO反应机理的影响,并对其未来的发展进行了展望。通过对催化剂HDO反应机理的深刻理解,以及对活性组分的优化与组合,能有效调控相应催化剂的HDO反应性能,为生物柴油工业化生产奠定了良好的理论基础。
Biodiesel generated from renewable resources(such as vegetable oils,animal oils and waste oils)is one of the effective ways to solve energy supply and environmental problems caused by fossil fuels.Both of the advantages of biodiesel prepared with hydrodeoxygenation(HDO)method and reactions involved in the HDO process are reviewed.Catalytic reaction mechanisms involved in the above process are also discussed.Especially,reaction mechanisms for lipid HDO with noble metal catalysts(i.e.Rh,Pt,Pd,Ru)and transition metal catalysts(i.e.Mo and Ni)are explained.Effects of metal type,properties of carriers and additives on HDO reaction mechanisms are elucidated,as well.Furthermore,future development of lipid HDO catalysts is also reviewed.Through understanding of the mechanisms of catalytic hydrodeoxygenation reactions and using best active components and their mixtures for catalysts,HDO reaction performance can be effectively managed.The above work provides a solid fundamental support for future biodiesel commercial production.
引文
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