摘要
RNA编辑是一种重要的转录后调控机制,通过初级转录本上碱基的插入、缺失或者替换,改变RNA所携带的遗传信息。RNA编辑功能多样,可改变氨基酸序列、影响可变剪接、导致内含子滞留、影响RNA稳定性等,为解释诸多复杂生命过程提供了一种方向。在哺乳动物中,由双链RNA腺苷酸脱氨酶家族催化的A-to-I编辑最为普遍。随着高通量测序技术及分子生物学的发展,科研人员开发出一系列高效灵活易用的检测工具,使全基因组水平鉴定RNA编辑位点成为现实,为解析RNA编辑在畜禽经济性状中的作用奠定了基础。本文对RNA编辑的定义、功能及RNA编辑位点检测方法等进行了综述,详细介绍了基于高通量测序检测RNA编辑位点的工具,以期更多科研人员了解认识RNA编辑并在畜禽中对其展开广泛深入的研究。
RNA editing is an important post-transcriptional regulation mechanism and alter the genetic information by inserting,deleting or replacing bases in primary transcripts.RNA editing can result in amino acid change,alternative splicing,intron retention,modulation of RNA stability,and so on,which will provide a direction for explaining many complex life processes.In mammals,the deamination of adenosine(A)to inosine(I)mediated by adenosine deaminases acting on double-stranded RNA is the most common form of editing.With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology and molecular biology,researchers have developed multiple efficient,flexible and easy-to-use tools to identify the RNA editing sites at the genome-wide level,which lay a foundation for exploring the effects of RNA editing on economic traits of livestock.In this paper,we briefly review the definition,function and detection methods of RNA editing,and introduce some of the most recent and popular detection tools in detail,aiming to draw more attention to RNA editing in livestock.
引文
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