高速电主轴驱动控制技术研究综述

详细信息    查看全文 | 推荐本文 |

英文篇名：A survey of drive and control technology for high-speed motorized spindle systems 作者：陈小安 ; 单文桃 ; 周进明 ; 合烨 ; 周明红 ; 刘俊峰 英文作者：CHEN Xiao-an1,SHAN Wen-tao1,ZHOU Jin-ming1,2,HE Ye1,ZHOU Ming-hong1,LIU Jun-feng1(1.State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China; 2.Department of Mechanical Engineering,Lund University,Lund 211 00,Sweden) 关键词：电主轴 ; 控制技术 ; 动态性能 ; 模糊控制 英文关键词：motorized spindles;control technology;dynamic performance;fuzzy control 中文刊名：ZDCJ 英文刊名：Journal of Vibration and Shock 机构：重庆大学机械传动国家重点实验室;瑞典隆德大学机械工程学院; 出版日期：2013-04-28 出版单位：振动与冲击 年：2013 期：v.32;No.196 基金：国家自然科学基金(51005259);; 中央高校基本科研业务费资助(CDJXS11111143) 语种：中文; 页：ZDCJ201308009 页数：9 CN：08 ISSN：31-1316/TU 分类号：44-52

摘要

高速电主轴是高速数控机床核心功能部件,主轴单元融合了高速电机、精密轴承、驱动控制等关键技术。高速主轴电机的驱动控制技术是决定主轴动静态性能的关键因素之一。因此,有必要对现有的主轴电机驱动控制技术进行系统分析和深入总结。根据主轴电机驱动控制技术的发展历史:从V/f控制、矢量变频控制、直接转矩控制到混合驱动控制以及智能控制等关键控制技术进行逐一分析和评述。在此基础上总结各控制技术客观存在的问题并进行对比分析,最后对高速电主轴驱动控制技术的发展趋势进行了预测和展望。
        High-speed motorized spindles are the core components of CNC machine tools,the spindle unit contains several key technologies,such as,high-speed motors,precision bearing,drive and control.The drive and control technology of a high-speed spindle motor is the key factor for determining the dynamic and static performance of the spindle.Thus,it is necessary to make a systematic analysis and in-depth summarization for existing drive and control technologies of spindle motors.According to the development history of the technologies,the analyses and reviews were performed from V/F control,vector frequency conversion control,direct torque control to hybrid drive control and intelligent control,one by one.On this basis,the objective questions of these control technologies were summarized and a comparative analysis was conducted.Furthermore,the future developing tendency and prospects for the drive and control technologies of high-speed motorized spindles were predicted finally.

引文

[1]Abele E,Altintas Y,Brecher C.Machine tool spindle units[C]//CIRP Annals,Manufacturing Technology,2010,(59):781-802.
    [2]Boglietti A,Ferraris P,Lazzari M.About the design of very high frequency induction motors for spindle applications[J].IEEE Industry Applications Society,1992,(1):25-32.
    [3]Shinnaka S.A new position-sensorless position control method for high-speed spindle systems[J].Electrical Engineering in Japan,2002,141(3):58-69.
    [4]Nakkiew W,Lin C W,Tu J F.A new method to quantify radial error of a motorized end-milling cutter/spindle system at very high speed rotations[J].International Journal of Machine Tools&Manufacture,2006,(46):877-889.
    [5]钱木,蒋书运.高速磨削用电主轴结构动态优选设计[J].机械工程,2005,16(10):864-868.QIAN Mu,JIANG Shu-yun.Dynamic optimization of a high speed motorized spindle[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2005,16(10):864-868.
    [6]Zamora J L,Aurelio G C.Online estimation of stator parameters in an induction motor using only voltage and current measurement[J].IEEE Transactions on industry applications,2000,36(3):805-816.
    [7]Shinji S.Frequency-hybrid vector control and its performance for sensorless induction motor drive[C]//IEE E Industry Applications Society,2000,(3):1794-1801.
    [8]Li W,Maiber P,Enge H.Self-learning control applied to vibration control of a rotating spindle by piezopusher bearings[J].Journal of Systems and Control Engineering,2004,218:185-196.
    [9]Wlas M,Krzeminsi Z,et al.Artificial-neural-network-based sensorless nonlinear control of induction motors[J].IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion,2005,20(3):520-528.
    [10]Bose B K,Fellow L.Neural network applications in power electronics and motor drives-an introduction and perspective[J].IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics,2007,54(1):14-33.
    [11]Oliveira J B,Araujo A D,Dias S M.Controlling the speed of a three-phase induction motor using a simplified indirect adaptive sliding mode scheme[J].Control engineering practice,2010,18:577-584.
    [12]Ratava J,Rikkonen M,et al.An adaptive fuzzy control system to maximize rough turning productivity and avoid the onset of instability[J].International Journal of advanced manufacturing technology,2011,(53):71-79.
    [13]吴玉厚.数控机床电主轴单元技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
    [14]康辉民,陈小安,陈文曲,等.U/f控制下高速电主轴的低频电压补偿与负载特性分析[J].机械工程学报,2011,47(9):132-138.KANG Hui-min,CHEN Xiao-an,CHEN Wen-qu,et al.Low-frequency voltage compensation and load analysis of the high-speed motorized spindle with U/f control mode[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2011,47(9):132-138.
    [15]Tsuji M,Chen S,Hamasaki S I,et al.A novel V/f control of induction motors for wide and precise speed operation[C]//IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics,Electrical Drives,Automation and Motion,2008,1130-1135.
    [16]Harsha M,Reddy V,Jegathesan V.Open loop V/f control of induction motor based on hybrid PWM with reduced torque ripple[C]//IEEE Proceedings of ICETECT,2011,331-336.
    [17]陈小安,康辉民,合烨.无速度传感器矢量控制下高速电主轴动态性能分析[J].机械工程学报,2010,46(7):96-101.CHEN Xiao-an,KANG Hui-min,HE Ye.Dynamic performance analysis of high speed motorized spindle under speed sensor-less vector control[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,46(7):96-101.
    [18]栾景美,黄红武,熊万里.高速异步电主轴矢量控制系统的仿真研究[J].湖南大学学报,2003,30(3):34-37.LUAN Jing-mei,HUANG Hong-wu,XIONG Wan-li.The simulation research on the vector control system of high-speed asynchronous motorized spindles[J].Journal of Hunan University,2003,30(3):34-37.
    [19]Kume T,Sawa T,Yoshida T.A high-speed vector-controlled spindle motor drive with closed transition between with encoder control and without encoder control[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Application,1992,28(2):421-426.
    [20]Dai Y,Zhang H J,Li X.Study on stability of machining center spindle system based on vector control[C]//International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering,2010,2128-2134.
    [21]Yu J S,Yoo B H,et al.Sensorless vector control of spindle induction motors using rotor flux observer with a variable bandwidth[J].IEEE Trans.Ind.Applicat,2006,1065-1070.
    [22]袁登科,陶生桂.一种感应电机直接转矩控制系统性能改善方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(8):151-155.YUAN Deng-ke,TAO Sheng-gui.An improved scheme of the direct torque control system of induction motor[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(8):151-155.
    [23]张珂,许芳,张丽秀,等.基于全阶磁链观测器下电主轴直接转矩控制系统的仿真[J].沈阳建筑大学学报,2009,25(6):1168-1172.ZHANG Ke,XU Fang,ZHANG Li-xiu,et al.The motorized spindle direct torque control system simulation based on full-order flux[J].Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University,2009,25(6):1168-1172.
    [24]刘军,刘丁,吴浦升,等.基于模糊控制调节电压矢量作用时间策略的永磁同步电机直接转矩控制仿真研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(10):148-152.LIU Jun,LIU Ding,WU Pu-sheng,et al.The simulation analysis of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on the strategy of modulating the time of voltage verctor[J].Proceedings of the CSSE,2004,24(10):148-152.
    [25]Miloudi A,Alradadi E A,Draou A.A new control strategy of direct torque fuzzy control of a PWM inverter fed induction motor drive[C]//IEEE ISIE,2006,2535-2540.
    [26]Jidin A,Nik Idris N R,Mohamed Yatim A H,et al.An optimized switching strategy for quick dynamic torque control in DTC-Hysteresis-Based induction machines[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(8):3391-3400.
    [27]Ghaderi A,Hanamoto T.Wide-Speed-Range sensorless vector control of synchronous reluctance motors based on extended programmable cascaded low-pass filters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(6):2322-2333.
    [28]Abdelli R,Rekioua D,Rekioua T.Performancesimprovements and torque ripple minimization for VSI fed induction machine with direct control torque[J].ISA Transactions,2011,50:213-219.
    [29]陆志刚,孙旭东,苏位峰.一种新的异步电动机调速系统的混合控制方法[J].电工电能新技术,2005,24(1):41-44.LU Zhi-gang,SUN Xu-dong,SU Wei-feng.A new mixed control strategy for induction motor drives[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy,2005,24(1):41-44.
    [30]朱孝勇,程明.定子永磁型混合励磁双凸极电机设计、分析与控制[J].中国科学,2010,40(9):1061-1073.ZHU Xiao-yong,CHENG Ming.Design,analysis and control of hybrid excited doubly salient stator-permanent-magnet motor[J].SCI China Tech Sci,2010,40(9):1061-1073.
    [31]罗玉涛,旷鹏.基于对转双转子电机的无级变速并联混合驱动系[J].机械传动,2010,34(1):22-26.LUO Yu-tao,KUANG Peng.Parallel hybrid driving system of continuously variable transmission based on anti-direction dual-rotor motor[J].Mechanical Drive,2010,34(1):22-26.
    [32]Wang Z,Soshi M,Yamazaki K.A comparative study on the spindle system equipped with synchronous and induction servo motors for heavy duty milling with highly stable torque control[J].Manufacturing Technology,2010,59:369-372.
    [33]Soshi M,Ishiguro H,Yamazaki K.A study on the development of a multi-purpose spindle system for quality productive machining[J].Manufacturing Technology,2009,58:327-330.
    [34]Kosaka T,Babu M,Babu S,et al.Design studies on hybrid excitation motor for main spindle drive in machine tools[C]//IEEE Proceedings of the2008International Conference on Electrical Machines,2008,1-6.
    [35]Vaez-zadeh S,Daryaryabeigi E.Combined vector and direct torque control methods for IPM motor drives using emotional controller(BELBIC)[C]//IEEE Power Electronics,Drive System and Technologies Conference,2011,2nd(2):145-150.
    [36]张翊诚,唐小琦,陈吉红.电主轴的模糊参数自寻优控制[J].驱动控制,2008,36(12):46-49.ZHANG Yi-cheng,TANG Xiao-qi,CHEN Ji-hong.Fuzzy control of motorized spindle based on parameters auto-optimized method[J].Drive and Control,2008,36(12):46-49.
    [37]李东,张小洪,杨丹,等.参数不确定永磁同步电机混沌的模糊控制[J].物理学报,2009,58(3):1432-1440.LI Dong,ZHANG Xiao-hong,YANG Dan,et al.Fuzzy control of chaos in permanent magnet synchronous motor with parameter uncertainties[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2009,58(3):1432-1440.
    [38]Liang M,Yeap T,Rahmati S,et al.Fuzzy control of spindle power in end milling processes[J].Machine Tools&Manufacture,2002,42:1487-1496.
    [39]王磊,李颖晖,朱喜华,等.存在扰动的永磁同步电机混沌运动模糊自适应同步[J].电力系统保护与控制,2011,39(11):33-38.WANG Lei,LI Ying-hui,ZHU Xi-hua,et al.Chaos synchronization of permanent magnet synchronous motor with disturbance using fuzzy adaptive logic[J].Power System Protection and Control,2011,39(11):33-38.
    [40]Xu C Y,Shin Y C.An adaptive fuzzy controller for constant cutting force in end-milling processes[J].Journal ofManufacturing Science and Engineering,2011,130(031001):1-10.
    [41]Rigatos G G.Adaptive fuzzy control for field-oriented induction motor drives[J],Neural Comput&Applic,2012,21(1):9-23.
    [42]Jung S,Kim S.Control experiment of a wheel-driven mobile inverted pendulum using neural network[J].IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology,2008,16(2):297-303.
    [43]El-sousy F F M,Nashed Maged N F.Fuzzy adaptive neural-network model-following speed control for PMSM drives[J].WSEAS Transactions on Systems,2006,4(4):256-259.
    [44]Lin F J,Shen P H,Fung R F.Rfnn control for PMLSM drive via backstepping technique[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,2005,41(2):620-644.
    [45]Wang L,Frayman Y.A dynamically generated fuzzy neural network and its application to torsional vibration control of tandem cold rolling mill spindles[J].Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence,2002,15:541-550.
    [46]Haber R E,Rodolfo H H,et al.Networked fuzzy control system for a high-performance drilling process[J].Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering,2008,130(031009):1-6.
    [47]王清,马广富,弥曼.一种基于遗传算法的神经网络控制方法研究[J].系统仿真学报,2006,18(4):1070-1077.WANG Qing,MA Guang-fu,MI Man.Research on neural network control based on genetic Algorithm[J].Journal of System Simulation,2006,18(4):1070-1077.
    [48]Nakazono K,Ohnishi K,Kinjo H,et al.Vibration control of load for rotary crane system using neural network with GA-based training[J].Artificial Life and Robotics,2008,13(1):98-101.
    [49]Orlowska-kowalska T,Dybkowski M,et al.Adaptive sliding-mode neuro-fuzzy control of the two-mass induction motor drive without mechanical sensor[J].IEEE Transactions on industrial electronics,2010,57(2):553-564.
    [50]Fung R F,Lin F J,Wai R J.Quick-return servomechanism with adaptive fuzzy neural network control[J].Journal of Dynamic Systems,Measurement,and Control,2001,123:254-264.
    [51]Lin F J,Wai R J.Adaptive fuzzy-neural-network control for induction spindle motor drive[J].IEEE Transactions on energy conversion,2002,17(4):507-513.