摘要
【目的】探讨在白云岩地层条件下,双河溶洞形成如此庞大的洞穴系统(已探明238.48km)的原因。【方法】根据双河洞的空间展布特征,分析区内地形地貌、地质构造和白云岩去白云化条件对双河洞形成的影响;同时,以水文系统为基础,探讨双河洞演化过程。【结果】1)双河溶洞发育区上覆有厚度不大的白云岩或白云质灰岩,这为含膏层的白云岩去白云化达到适应的温度和压力提供了条件,从而改变白云岩的溶解效果,加速Mg离子优先溶出,大大提高了含膏白云岩溶解成洞率;2)石膏(硬石膏)水解体积扩大,有助于围岩崩塌,洞道扩大;3)区内平缓的岩层和极其发育并组成"X"状的北东、北西向节理,是双河洞顺层发育及呈北东和东南向展布的前提和基础;4)特殊的地形条件有利于地下水沿着"X"节理溶蚀,是双河洞向北东和北西两方向延伸的动力条件;5)在新构造运动影响下,双河洞穴系统在形成演化过程中经历了3个发育时期,形成了两层旱洞和现在地下河洞穴的纵向展布格局。【结论】区内出露地层的展布关系为白云岩去白云化创造了有利条件,加上岩层中含有水解体积扩大的石膏层,有利于溶洞的形成和扩大;单斜构造、顺向节理发育为地下水运用提供天然通道,而地形条件为地下水运用提供动力基础;新构造运动是双河洞向纵深发育的直接动力。
[Purposes]It is explored that why the Shuanghe Cave would form such a huge cave system(the proven 238.48 km)in the dolomite formation conditions,[Methods]It analyzes that influence on formation of the Shuanghe Cave whose based on the spatial distribution characteristics,which is influenced by its morphology and geological structure,also dolomitization conditions in this area.Meanwhile,it is also explored that during the course of the evolution of the Shuanghe Cave based on the hydrological system.[Findings]It showed that:1)The Shuanghe Cave solution cavern developed area is covered with small thickness dolomite or dolomitic limestone,which provides conditions for dolomitization in Gypsum Beds to reach the adapted temperature and pressure,that change the dolomite the dissolution effect and accelerate the preferential dissolution of Mg ions,which greatly improving the dissolution cave-forming rate for Gypsum Beds dolomite;2)The expansion of the gypsum(anhydrite)hydrolyzed volume,which contributes to the surrounding rock slumping and the volume of the tunnel to expand;3)The gentle rock and its developed rock to form"X"-shaped the jointed mass rock by North-East and North-West trending,which are the premise and foundation for the development of the Shuanghe Cave by North-East and South-East trending;4)The special terrain conditions are favorable for the groundwater along the"X"jointed mass rock dissolve chemical erosion,which is the dynamic condition that the Shuanghe Cave extending by Northeast and Northwest trending;5)The Shuanghe Cave system experienced three developmental periods during the formation and evolution under the influence of the neotectonicmovement,that formed a vertical expanded pattern by two layers of dry caves and existing underground river caves.[Conclusions]The expanded relations of the exposed strata in the area which creates favorable conditions for dolomitization,and also the gypsum layer within enlarged hydrolyzed volume in the rock layer what favorable for the formation and expansion of the cave;the monoclinic structure and the directional joint develop that provide natural channels for the application of the groundwater,while the terrain conditions also provide the foundation.The neotectonic movement provide the direct power for the Shuanghe Cave developed in depth.
引文
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