摘要
黄瓜作为消费量巨大的世界性蔬菜,高温是影响其生产和品质的重要逆境因素。如何攻克黄瓜生产上的难题、选育耐热的黄瓜品种,亟需筛选耐热的黄瓜材料。目前表现耐热的黄瓜资源比较缺乏,本实验通过对收集到的11个性状稳定的黄瓜自交系幼苗进行40℃高温胁迫处理,旨在筛选耐热材料,建立快速的耐热筛选体系。研究表明:黄瓜幼苗经受高温胁迫后,不耐热材料首先叶片表现卷曲萎蔫,持续热害后,全株萎蔫乃至死亡,10 d的持续高温胁迫可以明显区分材料间的耐热性;另一方面,黄瓜幼苗的生理生化指标也随胁迫发生改变,幼苗体内的抗氧化酶活性均提高,丙二醛(MDA)含量增加,抗坏血酸(As A)含量降低、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量提升,相对电导率值增大,但是耐热性强的材料相较于不耐热材料,高温胁迫后,丙二醛含量低,抗坏血酸和谷胱甘肽含量高,相对电导率低。在叶片解剖结构上,耐热性弱的黄瓜幼苗,叶片海绵组织降解程度大,茎部木质素沉积量少,气孔开张度大,耐热性强的材料表现相反;研究表明,黄瓜幼苗在高温胁迫下的死亡率、相对电导率和谷胱甘肽含量与植株的耐热性有较大相关性,本试验筛选获得2个耐热性强的材料,为02-4和05-41。本研究为黄瓜耐热育种筛选了耐热资源,观测了黄瓜经受高温后的生理指标和形态结构变化,方便快速初筛耐热材料,为后期更深入的理论研究奠定了基础。
Cucumber is the universa l vegetable with great consumption. High temperature stress is the main adversity factor affected the production and quality of cucumber. It is important to select the heat resistant cucumber resource for solving the problem of cucumber growing and breeding heat resistant cucumber varieties.At present, the heat resistant cucumber resource is scarce. In this research 11 cucumber inbred lines were treated under 40℃ high temperature stress to screen the heat-resistant cucumber materials and build the system of selecting the heat resistant cucumber fastly. The results indicated that the leaves of heat-susceptible cucumber seedlings showed wilting and curly firstly, the plant death under 40℃ high temperature stress for 10 d, the heat resistance of cucumber seedlings could be identified clearly, the activities of antioxidant enzyme, the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA), glutathione(GSH) and the relative conductivity of cucumber seedling plants were increased significantly, but the content of ascorbic acid(As A) was down. Compared with the heat susceptible cucumber plants, the contents of MDA and the relative conductivity were low, and the contentd of ascorbic acid and GSH were high in the heat tolerance cucumber plants. At the same time, the degradation of leaves tissue were acute, the lignin depositing of stems were reduced, the stoma showed a large opening state in the heat susceptible cucumber plant, but not in the heat tolerance plant. The dead rate of plant, the relative conductivity and the content of GSH of cucumber plant showed high relativity to the heat tolerance under heat stress. Two heat tolerance cucumber inbreeding lines were obtained, named as 05-41 and 02-4. The study selected the heat resistant cucumber for breeding, observed the changing of physiological index and morphological structure, and built system to select heat resistant cucumber expediently. It laid the foundation for deeply research later.
引文
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