摘要
政治信任是民众支持政府决策的心理基础,是政府有效性的重要指标。已有研究表明当代中国的政治信任存在着"中央-地方"的差序格局,且政府绩效、传统媒介和威权文化都是政治信任的重要前因变量。然而相应研究并未区分政治信任的工具和情感维度,也很少关注内隐政治信任。本文从政治信任的文化视角出发,以政治信任的情感维度为研究对象,通过大样本的问卷调查和内隐联想测验从外显和内隐两个层面研究民众对中央政府和地方政府的政治信任之间的差异,并检验媒介使用对中央和地方政府的外显与内隐政治信任的影响。研究1的数据来源为2011年湖北省居民社会态度调查,共有1601名被试参与。结果发现中央政府的外显政治信任显著高于地方政府的外显政治信任;传统媒介使用与中央政府的外显政治信任呈显著正相关。研究2分别通过实验室中的内隐联想测验和外显政治信任测量,发现中央政府的内隐政治信任显著高于地方政府的内隐政治信任;中央政府的外显政治信任显著高于地方政府的外显政治信任;网络媒介使用中仅有在线时事评论的频率和中央政府与地方政府的外显政治信任均呈显著负相关,而传统媒介使用的频率与中央政府的外显政治信任均呈显著正相关;但传统媒介使用和在线时事评论频率越高,中央政府和地方政府的内隐政治信任的差异就越大。研究表明无论外显还是内隐的政治信任的情感维度均存在"中央-地方"的差序格局,但媒介使用对内隐和外显政治信任的影响并不相同,民众对中央政府和地方政府的内隐和外显政治信任可能出现了分离。研究关注政治信任的情感维度,并对新媒体对政治信任的影响进行探索,一方面在理论上为深化国内政治信任领域的研究,一方面为新媒体时代下如何在实践中影响政治信任提供思路。
Political trust is the psychological basis of people's support for decisions of government and political authorities, which influences their cooperation with government. Previous studies demonstrated that there is a difference between political trust of central government and local administration, and government performance, traditional media use and authoritarian culture are important independent variables. However, previous studies did not distinguish between instrumental trust and affective trust. This study researches the difference between the political trust of central government and local administration through large sample survey and IAT from the cultural perspective of political trust by using affective trust as the operational definition. And the relationship of explicit and implicit measures of political trust and media use is examined. Data sources for the study 1 is from the 2011 Social Attitudes Survey Residents in Hubei Province, a total of 1601 subjects participated. It was found explicit political trust in the central government was significantly higher than explicit political trust in local government; the use of traditional media and the political trust of central government' was a significant positive correlation. In study 2, by IAT and explicit political trust measure, it is found implicit political trust of the central government is significantly higher than political trust of the local government; explicit political trust of the central government s significantly higher than explicit political trust of local administration; the frequency of online political discussion on social media has a significant negative correlation with the political trust of central government and local administration; the frequency of the use of traditional media shows a significant positive correlation with the explicit political trust of central government, but when the frequency of traditional media use and social media is higher, the difference between the implicit political trust of central government and local administration is greater. Studies have shown that whether explicit or implicit political trust of central government was significantly higher than political trust in local government, but the influence of media use to implicit and explicit political trust is not the same, the implicit and explicit political trust of the central government and local administration may be separated. Research explores the impact of social media use on the political trust, on the one hand, in theory, to deepen research in the field of political trust, on the one hand to provide ideas for the next era of media use affect political trust in practice.
引文
