摘要
Hypocrealean fungi(Ascomycota) are well-known for their diverse lifestyles and have vital influences on agriculture and ecosystem,including important phytopathogenic fungi,entomopathogenic fungi,mycoparasites,and grass endophytes.Although such diverse lifestyles that shift frequently during the evolutionary process have been analyzed by multigene analysis,the phylogeny and mechanisms from phylogenomics remain unknown.Using whole genomes from 45 species with diverse lifestyles,we constructed the phytopathogen-basal phylogeny and dated the divergence of each lineage.A new evolutionary process of hypocrealean fungi was proposed:Nectriaceae as plant pathogens is the primitive group,and animal pathogens of Cordycipitaceae,Ophiocordycipitaceae,and Clavicipitaceae were parallel diverged;Hypocreaceae as mycoparasites diverged after Cordycipitaceae;and plant endophytes of Clavicipitaceae were differentiated after the Gramineae originated was evolved.Significant introgression was detected in certain lineages of hypocrealean fungi and the main genetic resources for the fungi adapting to new lifestyles are shared from the ancestral species through introgression.In the meanwhile,the contraction of gene families is closely related with the transition of lifestyles and main evolutionary tendency.The introgression and gene family contraction are the main factors that drive the evolution,diverse lifestyles,and host shift of hypocrealean fungi.
Hypocrealean fungi(Ascomycota) are well-known for their diverse lifestyles and have vital influences on agriculture and ecosystem,including important phytopathogenic fungi,entomopathogenic fungi,mycoparasites,and grass endophytes.Although such diverse lifestyles that shift frequently during the evolutionary process have been analyzed by multigene analysis,the phylogeny and mechanisms from phylogenomics remain unknown.Using whole genomes from 45 species with diverse lifestyles,we constructed the phytopathogen-basal phylogeny and dated the divergence of each lineage.A new evolutionary process of hypocrealean fungi was proposed:Nectriaceae as plant pathogens is the primitive group,and animal pathogens of Cordycipitaceae,Ophiocordycipitaceae,and Clavicipitaceae were parallel diverged;Hypocreaceae as mycoparasites diverged after Cordycipitaceae;and plant endophytes of Clavicipitaceae were differentiated after the Gramineae originated was evolved.Significant introgression was detected in certain lineages of hypocrealean fungi and the main genetic resources for the fungi adapting to new lifestyles are shared from the ancestral species through introgression.In the meanwhile,the contraction of gene families is closely related with the transition of lifestyles and main evolutionary tendency.The introgression and gene family contraction are the main factors that drive the evolution,diverse lifestyles,and host shift of hypocrealean fungi.
引文
