摘要
随着配电网中各种电力电子设备广泛应用,其产生的大量谐波注入电网中,电力系统的谐波不仅影响电网的供电质量,甚至危及到整个电网的运行安全。因此,抑制谐波的有效方法已成为电工学科领域研究的热点。
传统的无源电力滤波器(Passive Filter,PF)只能抑制特定次数的谐波,且容易在谐波治理过程中与电网产生串联谐振。有源电力滤波器(Active Power Filter,APF)作为一种动态抑制谐波和补偿无功装置,被认为是治理电网谐波污染最有效的手段之一,它能够很好地解决无源电力滤波器在谐波治理过程中存在的问题。随着整流桥类负载的广泛使用,电网中的谐波污染更加严重。针对整流桥类负载中的一系列电能质量问题,直流侧有源电力滤波器(Direct Current Side Active Power Filter,DCSAPF)的综合谐波治理方案将会带来显著的经济效益。本论文的研究得到了重庆大学输配电装备及系统安全与新技术国家重点实验室自主项目(项目编号:2007DA10512709304)的资助。文章研究内容主要包括了谐波的产生与治理、APF的研究现状与控制策略、滤波器基础理论、DC侧APF新拓扑模型的提出、新拓扑的仿真研究、主电路参数的最优设计与选取以及整机实验调试等部分。
论文首先全面地介绍了谐波的产生与危害、谐波的定义与量化、谐波抑制的方法、滤波器基础理论、APF研究现状与分类、有源电力滤波器常用的各种控制策略与方案等。
随后,在探讨了低电感耗损、低开关应力的双电感双开关Buck-boost拓扑族结构的基础上,针对DC侧串联型APF存在储能电容过大、负载电压的稳定输出过分依赖储能电容电压、控制和驱动电路过于复杂、输出电压不可调等不足,文章提出了一种输出可调压的DC侧APF主电路拓扑模型,采用同频同宽控制来简化控制与驱动电路。由于以上所提拓扑存在输出电压调节范围较小,且在过零点处电感电流容易出现较大畸变,文章改进了一种DC侧APF主电路拓扑,同时分析了改进型DC侧APF工作原理、功率流向以及输出电压纹波,建立了大信号动态模型,推导了相应的控制方程,设计了改进型DC侧APF的PI调节器,并通过恒频滞环控制以及平均电流控制对改进型DC侧APF进行全面的仿真研究,从原理上验证了所提拓扑的合理性与可行性,为整机实验奠定了一定的基础。
接着,参照仿真实验及仿真参数选取结果,对整机实验的参数进行了优化选取,设计了整机实验方案以及模块电路,进行了电路调试,并给出了部分实验波形。同时对照分析了仿真实验与整机实验结果,从而验证改进型DC侧APF拓扑的正确性。
最后,将单相改进型DC侧APF应用到三相改进型DC侧APF系统中,并提出了谐波注入式结构的三相改进型DC侧APF,通过谐波注入式方法来减少有源开关数量,从而减小了成本。同时根据传统PI调节器存在着动态性和实时性不好的问题,文章引入了一种多矢量误差放大器来克服传统调节器存在的不足。
With various electronic equipments widely used in the electricity distribution network, they bring a large number of harmonics into the power grid. Power system harmonics not only affect the quality of the grid, but also endanger the safe operation of the entire power grid. Therefore, an effective way to suppress harmonic in electric disciplinary area has become a hot research spot.
The traditional passive power filter (Passive Filter, PF) suppresses only the specific number of harmonics, and is easy to generate series resonance in the process of suppressing the harmonic. APF (Active Power Filter, APF), as a dynamic suppression of harmonics and the compensation device of reactive power, is one of the most effective means to suppress harmonic pollution, it can solve all problems which the passive power filter can not work out properly. Many kinds of nonlinear loads, such as the bridge rectifier, are widely used, DC side active power filter (Direct Current Side Active Power Filter, DCSAPF) will bring significant economic benefits and value in the comprehensive management of power quality. The present study is funded by the newly independent program of Chongqing University State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology (item number: 2007DA10512709304).This thesis mainly includes generation and management of harmonic, the control strategies and research status of APF, the basic theory of the filter, the new proposed topology of DC side APF, the simulation of the new topology, the optimal designing and selection of the main circuit parameters and the debugging of experimental equipments.
Firstly, this thesis comprehensively introduces the generation and damage of the harmonic, the definition and quantification of the harmonic, the method of harmonic suppression, the basic theory of the filter, the research status and classification of APF, all the popular control strategies and programs of APF and so on.
Subsequently, as to the DC side APF series-type, it has some shortages as follows using too large capacitor, the stability of the load output voltage which is over-reliance on the voltage of energy storage capacitor, the complexity of the control and drive circuits, the disadjustment of the output voltage. On the basis of researching into the low loss of inductance and low switch stress buck-boost topology family which has double inductors and double switches,the thesis puts forward the model of main circuit whose output voltage can be adjusted, and use the same frequency accompanying bandwidth correspondingly control to simplify the control and drive circuits. Because of the smaller adjustable range and the greater distortion of inductor current in the department of zero point, article proposes an improved DC side APF circuit topology. At the same time, working principle of improved DC side APF as well as the direction of power flow and the output voltage ripple is analyzed; a large-signal dynamic model is established; the corresponding control equations are derived and the PI regulator of improved DC side APF is designed. Through constant frequency hysteresis control and the average current control, the system of DC side APF is simulated. The simulation results show that the topology is rational and feasible in principle, furthermore, have laid a certain foundation for the experimental device simultaneously.
Then, according to the simulation experiments and parameters selection, experimental parameters are selected optimally, and experimental program and module circuits are designed fully. The circuit is debugged, and gives some experimental waveforms. Results of experiment and simulation are analyzed in detail. Those show the correctness of improved DC side APF topology.
Finally, the improved single-phase DC-side APF is applied to the three phase improved DC-side APF system. And proposed three-phase harmonic injection structure of improved DC side APF, the harmonic injection method reduces the number of active switches, as a result the cost reduced greatly. Simultaneously, owing to the traditional PI regulator which is badly in dynamic and real-time, article introduces a multi-vector error amplifier to overcome the shortcomings of traditional regulator.
引文
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