摘要
煤矿安全生产和管理是项复杂的系统工程，其中有效的安全防御监测系统是其重要的组成部分，它在矿井安全生产方面起着决定性的作用。本文基于无线传感网络技术，研究和分析了用于煤矿安全井下人员定位和瓦斯监测关键技术，在此基础上建立了基于CC1110的井下SimpliciTI无线监测传感网络系统及红外吸收型瓦斯监测系统。具体有以下几个方面工作：
首先以波导理论为基础详细分析了电磁波在矩形和拱形巷道中的传输特性，分析了巷道中各参数对电磁波传输的影响。
系统分析了瓦斯浓度检测技术，矿井人员定位技术及无线通信中的帧同步技术，为煤矿安全防御无线监测系统及红外吸收型瓦斯监测系统的建立提供了技术支撑。
针对当前煤矿监测系统存在检测范围小、扩展困难的情况，提出了一种基于无线传感网络的新型煤矿安全与预警系统设计方案。该方案采用了射频芯片CC1110作为无线传感器的核心，结合SimpliciTI网络协议与外围极少数元件搭建了射频片上系统（SoC）。实验结果显示，网络中的节点具有传输距离远、可移动、通信稳定等特点，基本实现了对矿区环境参数的自动监测和报警。
基于气体红外光谱吸收原理，设计了一款电调制非分光技术的红外瓦斯检测系统。该系统采用单光路双波长技术，以红外LED光源IRL715防尘防水的吸收气室和热释电探测器件LIM-262组成光学探头，利用有源滤波和差分放大电路实现信号调制，采用二项式拟合瓦斯浓度－电压关系曲线，实现了对瓦斯浓度的精确探测。
The safety production and management in coal mine is complex system engineering,among it, the most important aspect is the effective safety defense monitoring system, whichplays a decisive role in security production under coal mine. In this thesis, key technologies ofmine personnel positioning and methane concntration monitoring was investigated based onthe wireless sensor network. And on this basis, A SimpliciTI wireless monitoring networksystem with a radio frequency CC1110chip and an infrared methane detecting system wereestablished. More concretely speaking, it includes the following aspects.
Firstly, the propagation characteristics of electromagnetic (EM) wave in rectangularlaneway and arched laneway were investigated systematically based on waveguide theory.Based on these investigations, various factors influencing EM wave transmission, such ascross sections of laneway, electric parameter, tilt and roughness of laneway walls, and antennainsertion loss, were also discussed.
Some key technologies, such as methane concntration monitoring technology, minepersonnel positioning technolog, frame synchronization technology for wirelesscommunication were analysed. And these key technologies provide a technical support forwireless monitoring system of coal mine safety and the establishment of the infraredabsorption type gas monitoring system.
In view of small testing area and extension difficulty of current coal mine monitoringsystem, a design scheme of new mine safety monitoring and warning system based onwireless sensor network is given. Taking a radio frequency CC1110chip as the key part, aradio frequency SoC was constructed with SimpliciTI network protocol and related circuit.The testing results show that the network nodes have characteristics such as long-distancecommunication, movability, communication stability and so on, realizing the automaticmonitoring and warning to the mine area environmental parameters.
An infrared methane detecting system based on the theory of infrared spectrumabsorption was designed according to single optical path and dual-wavelength technology. Inthe system, an infrared LED IRL715serving as the light source, an bsorptive gas cell with the function of dust-proof and damp-proof and a pyroelectric detector are composed of opticalprobe. Signal conditioning uses active filter circuit and differential amplifier, and binomialexpression fits the relationship curve between methane concentration and voltage whichrealizes accurate detection of gas concntration.
引文
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