摘要
本文对我国11个省(市)辣椒病毒病毒原种类、不同生态区生产的辣椒种子带毒情况进行了检测和鉴定,对辣椒种质资源进行了广泛的鉴定筛选,对辣椒生理指标与病毒病抗性关系以及种子处理和防虫栽培对辣椒病毒病的防治效果等进行了研究,结果如下:
1、辣椒毒原种类的鉴定
TMV仍为处于第一的主要毒原,ChiVMV上升为了第二,CMV为第三,PVY为第四,ToMV为第五,BBWV-2为第六,PMMoV为第七,BBWV-1为第八,PVMV为第九。
病毒的复合侵染现象普遍,237份样本中有188份样本同时感染两种或两种以上病毒,最高的同时感染8种病毒。
2、种子带毒情况检测
采用RT-PCR和DAS-ELISA两种方法进行了种子携带CMV、TMV和ChiVMV检测。CMV的检出率为28.07%,TMV的检出率为26.31%,没有检测到ChiVMV;DAS-ELISA检测的灵敏度略低于RT-PCR。
线椒种子的带毒率低于泡椒和尖椒;种子携带CMV的比率早熟品种＞中熟品种＞晚熟品种,携带TMV的比率晚熟品种＞早熟品种＞中熟品种,海南、山西生产的种子带毒率略低。
3、辣椒种质资源的鉴定、筛选
对203份辣椒材料进行了苗期接种CMV、TMV鉴定,筛选出高抗CMV材料1份,高抗TMV材料2份,抗CMV材料26份,抗TMV材料32份。11份材料兼抗CMV、TMV,27份材料抗其中一种病毒,而对另一种为中抗。
接种后病毒相对含量检测表明,发病越重病毒相对含量越高,发病越轻病毒相对含量越低。
4、辣椒生理指标与病毒病抗性相关研究
成株期叶片中叶绿素含量、单位面积纤维素与对病毒病的抗性呈显著正相关,苗期叶片中蛋白质含量、过氧化物酶活性与TMV抗性呈显著正相关,与CMV抗性相关不显著,苗期叶片中叶绿素含量、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性与病毒病抗性相关不显著。
5、接种CMV、TMV前后辣椒叶片中某些生理生化变化研究
接种1～3天叶绿素含量均有所升高,第5天开始下降,第9天起抗、耐病品种叶绿素含量开始上升,而感病品种则持续下降;接种后蛋白质含量先升高,后下降,接种CMV和TMV下降的时间不一致;接种后过氧化物酶活性先缓慢升高,达到酶活高峰后下降,抗、感品种酶活高峰存在差异;接种后PAL活性有两个酶峰,第1～2天有一个小高峰,第5天达到第二个酶活高峰,然后开始下降,品种抗性愈强,酶活性愈高。
6、种子处理和防虫栽培对辣椒病毒病的防治效果
不同种子处理方式对病毒病的防治效果存在差异,用两种方法处理种子的防病效果要比用单一方法好,单一处理中干热、湿热和10%Na_3PO_4处理的效果比温汤处理效果要好;防虫栽培对病毒病的防治效果及增产效果明显。
The original type of pepper virus and the virus in different ecological zones of the hot pepper seeds production conducted virus around 11 provinces or municipalities of china.was detected and identified in this paper;the wide identification and screening of pepper germplasm resources was processed;and the seed treatment and pest control cultivation of pepper virus disease control,as well as the relationship between physiological indicators of pepper and virus disease resistance was studied,the results were as follows:
1.The evaluation of original types of hot peppers
TMV was still the main drug in the first original,ChiVMV rise to the second,CMV for the third,PVY for the fourth,ToMV for the fifth,BBWV-2 for the sixth,PMMoV for the seventh, BBWV-1 for the eighth,PVMV for the ninth
The phenomenon of complex infections was very common for Virus,only 12 samples were not infected with HIV between 237 samples,37 were infected with one virus,and the rest were infected two or more with the virus,the highest was infected with eight kinds of virus at the same time
2.Detection of poisonous seeds.
Two methods including RT-PCR and DAS-ELISA were adopted to examine CMV,TMV and ChiVMV virus of seeds.The Identification rate of CMV was 28.07%,The Identification rate of TMV was 26.31%,ChiVMV was not identificated;and the sensitivity of detection for DAS-ELISA was slightly lower than RT-PCR.
The rate of virus-carring of thin cayenne pepper seeds was lower than pickle pepper and pointed pepper seeds;The rate of CMV and TMV infection were different in different maturing varieties,The rate of CMV infection was late varieties＞mid-maturing varieties＞early varieties,The rate of TMV infection was early varieties＞late varieties＞mid-maturing varieties.;The rate of virus-carrying of seeds in Hainan and Shanxi was slightly low.It was suitable for seed production.
3.the identification and screening of pepper germplasm resources.
By identifying the rust of seedling inoculation against CMV and TMV,for 203 copies of pepper,There were 1 highly resistant form to CMV,1 highly resistant form to TMV,26 resistant forms to CMV,32 resistant forms to TMV,11 resistant forms to CMV and TMV,27 resistant forms to one of the two,but moderately resistant to another.Meanwhile.
After inoculation,the detection of relative virus content showed that the more serious were the symptoms,the higher was the relative content of virus,the lighter were the symptoms,the lower was the relative content of virus.
4.The studies on correlation of physiological indexes and resistance of virus disease of the hot pepper
There were significant positive correlations between chlorophyll and cellulose contents and resistance to virus dieases in adulting stage;There were significant and positive correlations between protein contents and poeroxidase activity and resistance of to TMV in seedling stages,but were not significant correlations to CMV;There were not significant correlations between chlorophyll contents and Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and resistance of virus disease in seedling stages.
5.The Studies on the changes of some physiological indexes before and after inoculating CMV,TMV on resistant and susceptible varieties.
The chlorophyll contents all elevated from the first day to the third day,and declined from the 5th day of post inoculation,the chlorophyll contents of resistant and tolerant varieties elevated from the 9th day post inoculation,While the chlorophyll contents of susceptible varieties decreased all the time.After inoculation,the changes of protein contents appeared to have decline trend after an initial ascent,but the period of ascent was different of inoculating CMV and inoculating TMV.The peroxidase activity increased slowly to the peak of enzyme activity then decreased,and the peak of enzyme activity was different between resistant and susceptible varieties.The phenylalamine ammonia-lysae had two enzyme activity peaks post inoculation,There existed a small peak from the first day to the second day,and the period of the second peak was the fifth day,and then it began to drop.The stronger was the resistance of varieties,the higher was the enzyme activity.
6.The prevention to Capsicum annuum L.Virus Diseases with seed treatment and pest control cultivation.
Different kinds of seed treatments had different control effects against virus diseases.The protection effect with two kinds of methods was better than the protection effect with one single method,and the effect of dry-hot,damp-heat and 10%Na3PO4 treatment in single treatment was better than hot water treatment,and the control effect and stimulation effect were obvious against virus dieases with pest control cultivation.
引文
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