摘要
污染场地广泛存在于世界各地,并容易造成严重的环境问题。综合风险评价是结合了人体健康风险评价和生态风险评价的评价方法,它是综合考虑人和生态所受到的危害。综合风险评价在实际的运用当中比只考虑人或生态的风险评价更具有实用性。
本文以风险评价的基本框架为基础,综合人体健康风险评价和生态风险评价中的方法。给出了综合风险评价的基本思路、方法及计算式。本文主要的研究内容和研究成果为:
(1)在综合风险评价的问题形成阶段,分析了信息收集的内容,给出了风险受体及评价终点选取的原则及方法。
(2)在暴露评估阶段,分析了污染物质在环境中的迁移途径,分析了人体及生态受体暴露于污染物下的方式及给出了暴露剂量计算公式。
(3)在剂量-效应评估阶段,给出了效应-剂量曲线建立的方法,受试物的选取原则,及外推模型的分析。
(4)在风险表征阶段,综合前面所分析的结果,给出了定量风险表征的公式及定性表征的方式,提出了风险描述的范围,对评价过程中产生的不确定性进行了深入的分析。
Contaminated sites exist in all of the world, and its often cause serious environmental problems. Integrated risk assessment is a combination of human health risk assessment and ecological risk assessment, which is considering the harm of human and ecology suffered. Integrated risk assessment is useful than human health risk assessment and ecological risk assessment.
In this paper, the framework of integrated risk assessment based on comprehensive human health risk assessment’s methods and ecological risk assessment’s methods. Integrated risk assessment given the basic ideas, methods, and calculation formula. In this paper, In this paper, the research contents and results is:
(1)In the problem formulation phase of Integrated risk assessment, it contain integration of available information and selecting assessment endpoints and conceptual models. In the selecting assessment endpoints phase, we provide criteria for selection.
(2)In the exposure assessment phase, it contain contaminations analysis and exposure analysis and exposure calculation formulas. In the contaminations analysis, it analysis the migration path of the contaminations, and the exposure manners of human and ecological. In the exposure analysis phase, it analysis the exposure time and exposure manner.
(3) In the dose-effect analysis phase, given the effect - dose curves established method, and the criteria for selection of test substances and extrapolation models;
(4)In risk characterization phase, it is the culmination of the problem formulation, analysis endpoints, exposure analysis, dose-effect analysis. It given formulas of quantitative and qualitative risk characterization and risk description. Also analysis uncertainty in the problem formulation, exposure analysis, dose-effect analysis. It can help adequately characterizing variability.
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