选择性发射极太阳电池的研究及光伏工程中最佳倾角的研究
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摘要
本文含有两方面的研究内容:选择性发射极太阳电池的研究和光伏工程最
    佳倾角的设计研究。第一部分,概述了太阳电池的基本原理;阐述了选择性发射
    极单晶硅太阳电池的原理及工艺;设计了选择性发射极太阳电池结构,以SiO_2
    为阻挡层,通过光刻,进行一次磷扩散,实现了选择性发射极的制作。到目前为
    止,获得了2×2cm~2选择性发射极单晶硅太阳电池的最高转换效率为13.2%。第
    二部分,基于Hay的天空散射异质分布模型,从理论上推出了任意倾角、方位
    角接收面上的总太阳辐射量计算公式;用C语言编写出了最佳倾角的计算程序。
    应用该理论及计算程序设计了云南丽江固定式联网光伏方阵的最佳倾角。计算结
    果表明,方位角为正南方向时,丽江固定式联网光伏方阵的最佳倾角为34°;方
    位角偏东32°,最佳倾角为26°;第二种方案(方位角偏东32°)的年发电量比第一
    种(正南)减少3.91%。
Tow parts are included in the paper: The study on the single crystalline silicon
     selective emitter solar cell and study on optimum slope design in PV engineering. In
     the first part. the basic principle of the solar cell is summarized, the theory of selective
     emitter solar cell is expounded, the structure has been designed and the single
     crystalline silicon selective emitter solar cells were manufactured with the process of
     the diffusion Si02 barriers. photolithography and one phosphorous diffusion. So far.
     for 2x2cm2 single crystalline silicon, the highest efficiency is 13.2%. In the second
     part, based on Hay's anisotropic diffuse radiation model, a general theoretical total
     solar radiation formula has been derived, which can used to calculate the total
     radiation on the sloped surface for arbitrary slope and azimuth angle and a program
     has been developed with C language of computer, which can be used to calculate the
     annual total radiation and the optimum slope. The theory and the program have been
     applied to design a fixed grid-connected PV system optimum slope in Lijiang, Yunnan,
     China. The calculations bring out the results that the optimum slope of a fixed
     photovoltaic array is 340, when it faces south and that the optimum slope is 260, when
     its azimuth angle is equal to 320 from south to east. 3.91% of the annual output of the
     PV system will be reduced for the second scenario (azimuth angle is equal to 320
     from south to east).
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