摘要
作为现代舰船的主要动力装置之一,燃气轮机的重要性举足轻重,因此燃气轮机技术得到了突飞猛进的发展。西方各国都在加大对燃气轮机技术的研究,经过多年的发展已经取得了很多成果,我国在燃气轮机方面起步晚,基础薄弱,经过多年研究仍然和发达国家具有较大的差距。
为了提高燃机的输出功率和效率,增大燃气压强和提高工作温度成为燃气轮机的发展趋势,然而受制于材料科学的发展,燃机叶片承受高温高压的能力有限,因此不能无限制的增大压强和提高温度,提高燃机性能最直接有效地方法是在燃气轮机稳定工作的前提下尽可能地增大压强和提高温度。为了保证燃机能稳定工作,实时监测燃机叶片上作状态变得十分重要,准确评估燃机叶片的性能和诊断燃机叶片的故障现象能大大提高燃机性能,具有重大意义。
本课题根据辐射测温原理,结合乌克兰涡轮叶片测温技术和虚拟仪器技术实现燃气轮机的叶片温度测量。该系统采用比色测温方法,根据两个不同波长的辐射光强度计算物体温度,实验证明此方法可以大大减小物体发射率对测温精度的影响,并且响应时间快,可靠性高,成本低,同时使用LabVIEW语言编程。LabVIEW是图形化编程语言,使用程序框图实现相关功能,并且采用数据流驱动,编程方便简单,可以大大缩减项目研发周期。该系统能够根据不同的外围硬件电路进行相关参数设置以适应不同的测温环境。系统不仅能实时测量叶片温度,还能准确的分割叶片温度数据,并对其进行有效的分析、处理,掌握叶片工作状态,同时将所有处理结果通过直观的方式显示出来。系统还具有一定的存储功能,可以将当前数据保存下来做后续分析,也可以将不同时间的数据进行对比,有助于叶片状态的分析和系统的改进。经过多次实验证明该系统不仅测温精度高,还能准确的判定叶片特征温度,具有一定的抗干扰性,并且稳定可靠。
As one of the main power plant of modern ship, gas turbine is very important, therefore, gas turbine technology has been rapid development. Western countries are increasing research on the gas turbine technology, and have achieved a lot after years of development. China started late in the gas turbine area, and had a poor foundation, so still have large gaps between developed countries after years of research.
In order to improve the output power and efficiency of gas turbine, increasing the pressure and raising the temperature of gas is the development trend of gas turbine. However, because of the conditionality of the development of materials science, the ability to withstand high temperature and pressure of turbine blades is limited, so it can not be unlimited to increase the pressure and raise the temperature of gas turbine. The most direct and effective method to improve the performance of gas turbine is increasing the pressure and raising the temperature as much as possible under the premise of stable work of gas turbine. In order to ensure stable work of gas turbine, it has become very important to real-time monitor the work state of gas turbine blades, and it can improve the performance of gas turbine greatly to assess the performance and diagnose the failure phenomenon of gas turbine blades accuracy, which is significant.
This subject realizes the temperature measurement of gas turbine blade based on the principle of radiation and combined with Ukraine turbine blade temperature measurement technology and virtual instrument technology. This system uses colorimetric temperature measurement method which calculates the object temperature according to two different wavelengths of radiation intensity, and experiments show that this method can greatly reduce the impact of temperature measurement accuracy caused by the emissivity of the object and has advantages such as fast response time, high reliability, low cost, etc. This software is written by the LabVIEW which is a graphical programming language, and LabVIEW achieve relevant functions by block diagram which is driven by data flow and program easy and convenient, so programming in LabVIEW can greatly reduce the project development cycle. This system can modify the relevant parameters settings according to different peripheral hardware circuits to adapt to different temperature environment. The system not only can real-time measure the temperature of blades, but also split the temperature data of blades accurately, analyze and process the data effectively, master the working state of blades, and display the results intuitively at the same time. The system also has a storage function which can help to analyze the state of blade and improve the system by saving the current data for follow-up analysis and comparing data at different time. Experiments show that this system not only has high temperature measurement accuracy, but also identify the characteristic temperature of blades accurately, and has advantages of anti-interference, stabilize and reliably.
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