摘要
嵌入式系统的主要特点是具有高可靠性和实时性。嵌入式系统指采用嵌入式计算机技术,软件和硬件可裁减,对功能、可靠性、功耗、体积和成本等有严格要求的专用计算机系统。传统的硬件数控装置或计算机数控装置(CNC)难以满足现代数控系统对数控装置实时性、灵活性和功能重构等方面的要求。基于ARM+FPGA的嵌入式数控装置利用ARM控制器丰富的软硬件资源,运行速度快,计算精度高和FPGA内部逻辑具有在线可重构等特点。可满足现代数控系统对数控装置实时性,灵活性和功能重构等方面的要求。
基于ARM+FPGA的嵌入式数控装置与传统硬件数控装置和CNC相比,在采用技术和软硬件结构上有明显进步。由高性能ARM控制器代替CNC中的计算机系统,简化了数控装置结构并降低了硬件成本；采用Linux嵌入式操作系统为数控装置的实时性提供了保证；由FPGA实现传统硬件数控装置或CNC的硬件电路功能,简化了硬件电路结构,提高了硬件电路灵活性,通过对FPGA的动态配置可实现不同的电路功能。
本文通过对CNC体系结构和嵌入式数控装置开发方案的研究,提出了一种基于ARM和FPGA的嵌入式数控装置设计方案；研究了Linux嵌入式操作系统的移植过程,介绍了在S3C2440硬件平台上的剪裁和移植方法；研究了ARM对FPGA的配置方法；完成了TQ2440开发板与Mars-XC3S400-F-Core开发板配置总线和通信接口的设计；采用Xilinx公司的EDA软件ISE7.1i,完成了基于XC3S400芯片的进给电机控制器设计,并进行了仿真验证和硬件实现。
The high reliability and real-time are the main characteristics of embedded systems. Embedded system refers to the use of embedded computer technology that software and hardware can be cut and it is also a dedicated computer system that has strict requirement to function, reliability, power consumption, size and cost. It is difficult to meet the modern numerical control system's requirement of real-time, flexibility and function reconstruction with traditional hardware numerical control device or computer numerical control device. This embedded device based on ARM and FPGA combines both characteristics together: ARM has rich resources of hardware and software, fast running speed and high precision to manipulate data; FPGA internal logic has the characteristic of reconfigurable online. This design could meet real-time, flexibility and functionality which modern numerical control system requires.
Compare the embedded numerical control device based on ARM and FPGA to traditional hardware numerical control device, the technology and the structure of hardware and software have processed significantly. In this design, high-performance ARM controller instead of computer system in CNC simplifies the structure of CNC device, reduces the cost of hardware and provides guarantee of real-time with Linux embedded operation system on numerical control device. Implement the function of traditional hardware device or hardware circuit function in CNC device through FPGA. It reduces the structure of hardware circuit, increases the flexibility of the hardware circuit, and realizes the different circuit function though dynamic configuration the FPGA.
This paper proposes a design of embedded numerical control device based on ARM and FPGA through research on CNC architecture and embedded device development program of CNC. This paper researches the transplant process of Linux embedded operating system, introduces the cut and transplantation in S3C2440 hardware platform, analyzes the method that ARM configurates the FPGA, completes the configuration bus and communication interface design between the TQ2440 and Mars-XC3S400-F-Core development board, uses EDA software ISE7.1i from Xilinx to complete the feed motor controller design based on XC3S400 and simulation successes.
引文
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