摘要
作为城镇发展重点区域的开发区,是区域发展的“排头兵”和“试验区”。它在地区政府优惠政策的倾斜下,以较好的基础设施条件快速集聚有限的科技和产业资源,推动了区域经济稳定、持续、高速发展,成为区域经济社会发展中十分重要的增长极。
目前,随着我国进入经济社会大变革大转型时期,开发区越来越受到各界人士的关注,研究重点和视角不断更新,研究成果不断丰富。湖南作为中部大省,在自身的努力和长三角、珠三角、武汉、成渝城市群的影响下,其整体实力在不断提高,发展速度在不断加快,对中部和国家的贡献越来越大。因此,在我省设立长株潭两型社会试验区的大好机遇下,结合“四千工程”建设,发挥我省77家开发区(2009年国家级有6家,省级有71家)的“排头兵”和“试验田”的作用,从整合的角度,对省内开发区进行优化组合、联动发展是十分必要的。
本文首先分析了湖南开发区的发展现状,阐述了湖南开发区发展的区域背景,总结了三个发展阶段的特点；利用Spss软件,采用主成分分析方法,从经济、科技、外向度、集约度和社会贡献五个方面对77家开发区进行综合评价,并发现存在的问题：区域发展的不平衡性、产业结构的趋同性和管理体制上的不合理性。
其次,为促进湖南开发区的发展,提出了产业、等级、空间和管理体制的整合模式。整合发展的核心是产业的整合,提出湖南开发区产业发展的方式,依据开发区的综合实力测评结果确定其主导产业和发展顺序；提出“一核四区七轴”的空间整合模式,并确定不同发展水平区域的发展方向和管理体制整合模式。这四大模式的形成离不开集聚扩散机制、耦动机制和成本效益机制的作用。集聚扩散机制是开发区整合发展的最强驱动力,成本效益机制是开发区整合发展基本驱动力,耦动机制则是开发区整合发展的本质驱动力。三大机制相互作用、相互影响和相互依赖,促进了四大整合模式的形成,实现了湖南开发区稳定、持续、快速的发展。
最后为解决湖南开发区的问题,实现开发区的整合,本文从提高规划水平、整合要素资源、优化产业结构、创新管理体制和完善配套功能方面提出对策。
The development zones is the key of urban development areas, also is the "pioneers" and "test area" of the areas. It is tilted in the government's preferential policies, in order to better conditions for rapid accumulation of the limited infrastructure、technology and industry resources to promote regional economic sustainable、stable and rapid development, is the most important growth poles of the regional economic and social development.
Now, with the economy and society of China into the great revolution transformation, the Development zones get more and more the concern of all circles of social. Research priorities、field and perspectives of the Development zones constantly updated, and the research gains is continuously enriched. As the great province in the middle of China, under the influence of Yangtze River Delta、Pearl River Delta、Wuhan urban clusters、and the urban clusters of Chengdu and Chongqing, Hunan province rely on their own efforts to continuously improve its overall strength and constantly accelerate the pace of development. So the contribution to the middle and the whole country is bigger and bigger. Thus, under a golden opportunity of our province being to establish the area of environmentally-friendly and resource-conserving society of the urban clusters of Changsha、Zhuzhou and Xiangtan, we should play our 77 Development zones of the "pioneers" and "experimental field" in role(national level Development zones are 6, provincial level Development zones are 71).From the integration point of view,77 Development zones should carry on optimal combination and linkage development, it is very necessary.
Firstly study on the present situation of the Development zones, is on the basis of the analysis of the regional background of Development zones in Hunan, and has analyzed three development phases characteristic; Using the Spss software, and chooses the main ingredient analysis method from five aspects of the economy、science and technology、extroversion、collection measure and society contributes to carry on the quality synthetic evaluation to Hunan 77 Development zones; And summarizes the existence question: area development imbalance、the convergence of industrial structure and the irrationality of the management system.
Secondly, to promote the development of the Development zones in Hunan province, this article proposed four integration patterns of the industrial, the class, the space management system functions and the management system's conformity. The core of integration is the development of industry consolidation, proposes the way of industrial development of the Development zones in Hunan province, based on survey results of the Development zones comprehensive strength to determine its leading industries and the order of development; Proposes "1 nuclear-4 areas-7 axis" space integration model; Determine the direction of the function's development of the areas of different development level, and management system's conformity pattern. The formation of these four models is inseparable from the role of concentration and diffusion mechanism、coupling mechanism and cost-effective mechanism. The concentration and diffusion mechanism is the strongest driving force for integrated development of the development zones, the cost-effective mechanism is the original driving force for integrated development of the Development zones, and the coupling mechanism is the nature of the driving force for integrated development of the Development zones. Three mechanism interactions, mutual influences and interdependences, promotes the formation of the four integration models, it will bring about Development zones stably, continually, fast development.
Finally, order to address the problem of the Development zones, realizes the conformity of the Development zones, this article proposes the countermeasure of improving the planning level、integrating elements of resources、optimizing the industrial structure、innovating the management system and completing set of features.
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