摘要
在城市垃圾卫生填埋过程中，由于垃圾的分解以及降水、地表水、液体废弃物等综合因素的作用，产生了垃圾渗滤液。垃圾渗滤液的COD、BOD_5值可高达10000mg／L以上，NH_4-N值可高达400mg/L以上，其污染性极强。垃圾渗滤液一旦时入水体，将对环境造成极大的污染。
垃圾渗滤液处理难度大，渗滤液处理费用高，难以达标排放。对垃圾渗滤液的处理，我国尚处于研究探索阶段。实现渗滤液经济有效处理是污水技术中的一个研究热点。对于垃圾渗滤液采用单一处理方法很难达到处理目标，因此如何应用复合工艺处理垃圾渗滤液成为人们关注的焦点之一。
本文以长春市裴家垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液为研究对象，探讨生物接触氧化—电凝聚复合工艺处理垃圾渗滤液的可行性以及处理过程水质的变化规律，证明该工艺是可行性高、处理效果好的垃圾渗滤液处理工艺，能够为将来工程实践和科学研究提供试验依据。
在对垃圾渗滤液处理方法进行了系统总结和深入探讨的基础上，结合其它研究成果(厌氧—生物接触氧化工艺处理垃圾渗滤液，电凝聚法处理经生物接触氧化法处理的垃圾渗滤液出水的试验研究)，选定生物接触氧化—电凝聚复合工艺对垃圾渗滤液进行处理试验研究。
试验采用新鲜猪粪作为生物接触氧化接种菌种，在生物接触氧化池的填料上对微生物进行培养，培养期间调节水力负荷为5L／d、10L／d和15L／d，经过15天的培养和驯化，接触氧化系统能够达到稳定运行。系统稳定运行时，对COD、NH_4~+-N的去除率都达50％以上，COD的去除率最高达68.59％，NH_4~+-N的去除率最高达54.01％。
通过电凝聚静态试验对影响电凝聚的因素进行分析，优化了电凝聚处理本试验垃圾渗滤液的最佳工艺条件。影响电凝聚效果的因素有极板材料、水的pH值、电凝聚时间、电流强度和极板间距等因素。主要影响因素是极板间距，电流强度和反应时间。确定电凝聚的试验优化条件为电极间距为20mm、反应时间为30min、电流强
吉林大学硕士学位论文
2004年5月
度为3A，采用铁电极。
采用生物接触氧化一电凝聚工艺对垃圾渗滤液进行动态试验研究，对裴家垃圾
场的渗滤液经生物接触氧化法一电凝聚法处理后，Coo去除率最高可达84.63%
NH4一N去除率最高可达86.13%，达到城市污水二级排放标准。
本论文的创新在于:①首次使用生物接触氧化一电凝聚工艺处理垃圾渗滤液;
②采用两步处理工艺即能使垃圾渗滤液处理后达到城市污水二级排放标准。
随着经济的不断发展，垃圾产量日益增加，所需要处理的垃圾渗滤液日益增多，
性质日益复杂;另外，随着水资源的日益紧张和人们环境意识的提高，对排水水质
的要求越来越高。因此本试验为我国垃圾渗滤液的处理，提供了具体而适用的方法，
取得良好的环境效益和社会效益。
Landfill leachate forms in trash handling by some complex effects, such as trash decomposition, raining, surface water and liquid wastes. The COD or BOD5 value of landfill leachate can achieve above 10000mg/L, and NH4-N value can be above 400mg/L, which cause serious pollution. Landfill leachate moving water will result in much environmental pollution.
It is difficult to treat Landfill leachate with low expenses. The treatment process of landfill leachate in China is in primary stage. The research orientation of wastewater treatment is to treat landfill leachate economically and effectually. It is not easy to dispose landfill leachate by singular method to achieve discharging criterion; therefore, how to apply complex process to teat landfill leachate becomes a hot spot.
The research object in this paper was the landfill leachate of Changchun Peijia Site. The feasibility and water quality changing rule in treating by biological contact oxidization and Electrocoagulation were studied. It showed that this process was applicable, effective and can provide test basis on future engineering and researches.
On the basis of summarizing and discussing landfill leachate treatment method and other experiments (anaeration-biological contact oxidization; electrocoagulation), biological contact oxidization and electro-coagulation was chosen to treat landfill leachate in this paper.
Fresh pig dung was chosen for the source of inoculating sludge to train microorganism in biological contact oxidization system. During the training, hydraulic loading was adjusted in turns from 5 L/d to 10L/and to15 L/d. After 15-day training biological contact oxidation system can run normally. In this stage, the removal rate of COD and NH4-N were all above 50%, the maximal
removal rate of COD was 68. 59%, and the maximal removal rate of NH4-N was 54. 01%.
The relevant factors were analyzed and the optimum condition was achieved
in electrocoagulation experiment. The relevant conditions were electrode
material, water pH, reaction time T, electric current intensity I, and
distance between two electrode d. The major conditions were d, I and T. The
optimum condition was that d=20mm, T=30min, I=3A, electrode material was iron.
The removal rate of COD was 84. 63%, the removal rate of NH4-N was 86. 13
% by biological contact oxidization and electrocoagulation complex
processs The water quality can apply landfill leachate second-level
discharging criterion.
The innovation of this paper lied in: ?biological contact oxidization and electrocoagulation complex process was first used to treat landfill leachate ; ?only two-stage process used to treat landfill leachate cound satisfied the second-level discharge criterion.
With the rapid development of economic, the quality of trash and landfill leachate are rapidly increasing, with water resource continuously shortage and public environment consciousnesss increasing, people need more higher water quality. In conclusion, this paper provided concrete operational method for our landfill leachate treatmemt, and can achieve good
environmental and social benefits.
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