摘要
高速铁路是一个专业面极广、技术先进的系统工程,随着我国经济的迅速发展以及建设节能社会理念的提出,高速铁路建设方兴未艾。目前对桥梁结构设计采用的静态设计方法不能真实地反映高速铁路桥梁车-线-桥的动力相互作用,同时高速铁路桥梁对轨道不平顺以及桥梁变形的要求非常严格。因此,建立高速铁路桥梁动态设计的理论与方法,综合考虑车辆、轨道与桥梁之间的动力相互作用,进而采取有效的控制策略减小桥梁的动力响应是合理设计高速铁路桥梁结构的实际需要,对高速铁路桥梁技术的发展具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。
本文在总结和吸收前人研究经验的基础上,针对高速铁路桥梁中的动力学问题以及控制策略进行研究。主要研究工作和取得的成果如下:
1、高速铁路桥梁动力学问题主要体现在车辆-轨道-桥梁的动力相互作用方面,属于大系统动力学范畴,本文阐述了高速铁路车桥耦合动力学理论以及高速铁路桥梁的动力性能评定标准,给出了车辆、轨道和桥梁的动力学模型和方程,并指出目前广泛采用的耦合动力学分析理论由于考虑了过多的车辆自由度而难以直接应用于高速铁路桥梁振动控制。
2、结合轮轨的高频振动特点,简化了机车模型,同时考虑到高速铁路桥梁轨枕减振的需要而强化了桥轨关系,从而建立了一种新的车辆-轨道-桥梁耦合动力学模型,构造了一种新的车-线-桥共同作用单元,利用该单元可将高速铁路桥梁的车-线-桥耦合振动分析问题转化为普通空间梁的动力有限元分析,利用MATLAB语言编制了高速铁路桥梁动力分析程序,利用该程序对我国高速铁路桥梁的32m跨径标准梁进行分析,讨论了列车速度、轨枕阻尼以及轨道不平顺对桥梁动力响应的影响。
3、给出了各国高速铁路轨道随机不平顺的功率谱密度函数描述及多种数值模拟方法,为实现时域内车线桥耦合振动分析提供了前提。
4、高速铁路桥梁对徐变上拱值提出了严格的限制。本文将灰色理论的GM(1,1)模型应用于混凝土梁的徐变系数和徐变上拱值的预测,结果表明该模型可以有效预测高速铁路桥梁的混凝土徐变上拱值;同时指出,在准确预测徐变上拱值的前提下,可以将大跨度预应力混凝土高速铁路桥梁的徐变上拱值纳入轨道高低不平顺进行动力学分析与评定,为突破高速铁路桥梁的跨径“瓶颈”扫清障碍。
5、高速铁路桥梁振动系统实际上是耦合的串联系统,理论上应从大系统控制的观点出发提出振动控制策略,本文在阐述结构控制理论的数学模型基础上,研究了高速铁路桥梁的TMD和MTMD振动控制,探讨了车桥的多重共振反应及控制策略。论文还介绍了智能控制理论中的神经网络控制原理与实施步骤,提出了神经网络控制的应用设想。最后,进一步论述了振动控制一体化策略是高速铁路桥梁振动控制最为合理有效的控制策略,从而构建了实现高速铁路桥梁振动控制的技术路线与控制策略。
High-speed railway is a systematic engineering which refers to a wide range of professions and high technique. With the development of our country’s economy and the pursuing of a society which saves energy sources, high-speed railway springs up. At present, the design of bridge structure adopts the static method which cannot reflect the dynamic interaction among the vehicle, railway and bridge. Moreover, the bridge deformation and the rail irregularity are restricted strictly by high-speed railway. As a result, it’s of great importance to theorize the dynamical design of high-speed railway which considers the interaction among the vehicle, the railway and the bridge. Then effective control method can be used to minimize the dynamical reflection of the bridge. In this paper, based on the achievements in the previous works, we pay our attention on the dynamic analysis of high-speed railway bridge and its control strategy. The main work and our achievements are as follows:
1、The main dynamic problem of high-speed railway bridge is the interaction of the vehicle, the railway and the bridge, which belongs to systematic dynamics. This paper introduces the coupling dynamic theory of vehicle and bridge and the standard assessment of bridge’s dynamic performance. Then the dynamic model and equation of the vehicle, the railway and the bridge is given in the paper. Moreover, the paper indicates that the widely-used coupling dynamic theory is difficult to be used in the vibration control of high-speed railway bridge for the reason that too much degree of freedom of the vehicle is considered.
2、Combined with the high frequency vibration of the rail, we simplify the vehicle model. And by the consideration of the necessity of the suppression or isolation of high-speed railway bridge’s vibration, we strengthen the relation between the bridge and the rail. Then a new dynamic model is built, and a new vehicle-rail-bridge element is formulized. By the application of the new element, the coupling vibration problem of vehicle-rail-bridge is changed into the ordinary bridge’s dynamic finite-element analysis. And then we use the MATLAB language to generate the dynamic analysis program of high-speed railway bridge. Through the program we analyze the 32m-span standard beam of high-speed railway bridge, study the effect of vehicle velocity, the damping of rail bearing and rail’s irregularity on the bridge’s dynamic performance.
3、The paper introduces the power spectrum density function(PSD) and its numerical simulation method of the rail irregularity of high-speed railway in different countries which is the premise of the coupling vibration analysis of vehicle-rail-bridge.
4、Bridge on high-speed railway has a strict limitation on the camber by creep deformation. This paper use the GM(1,1) model in grey theory to forecast the creep coefficient and creep camber of concrete beams. And it indicates that on the bases of the precise forecasting of the creep camber, we can put the creep camber into the irregularity of the rail to proceed the dynamic analysis and assessment of long-span prestressed concrete bridge on high-speed railway, which can help to build longer span bridges on high-speed railway.
5、The vibration system of high-speed railway bridge is in fact a coupling tandem connection system. And we must use the extensive system control attitude to present our vibration control method in theory. This paper introduces the numerical model of structure’s control theory. Based on the theory, The paper discusses TMD and MTMD vibration-control, studies the multiple resonance vibration of vehicle-bridge and its control strategy. Moreover, the paper introduces the neural network control method and its executing procedure of intelligence control theory, which may be used in bridge’s vibration control. At last, the paper generalizes that the integral vibration control is the most effective control strategy in high-speed railway bridge. Then the technique direction and control strategy of high-speed railway bridge’s vibration control come into being.
引文
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