强夯法改善高填方地基力学性能的机理研究及工程实践
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摘要
强夯法由法国梅纳(Menard)技术公司于1969年首创,这种方法是将重锤以一定的落距自由落下给地基以冲击和振动,使地基出现强大的应力波,引起土体内密度、应力、孔隙水压力等的变化,从而达到提高地基强度的目的。强夯法由于其具有加固效果显著,施工设备简单,施工迅速和工程造价低廉等优点,而受到广泛应用。目前,国内外强夯关键技术主要集中在大能级的强夯技术研究和饱和软土复合地基的强夯技术研究,而对于山区园砾土和卵石土高填方地基采用强夯技术应用较少,故有必要在这方面作进一步的研究。
     本文在广泛查阅国内外有关强夯技术文献的基础上,充分了解强夯技术目前的发展概况和研究动态,结合绵阳南郊机场飞行区场道的地基强夯加固实例,对强夯的加固原理、适用范围、大能级强夯技术控制高填方地基不均匀沉降机理以及强夯法加固地基的试验与检测方面进行了深入研究,提出了山区卵砾石土高填方地基强夯加固的技术参数,用较低能级强夯提高了高填方地基的密实度,降低了地基总沉降量,并采用沉降量控制原则,为加速填方层的固结压密,缩短预压加固的时间,提出采用强夯结合碾压方法,大大缩短了填方层达到最终控制沉降的时间。在强夯冲击动应力随深度呈指数形式衰减研究结果基础上,提出了砾石土地基强夯加固中单击夯击能的影响深度和有效加固深度的经验公式。通过研究,使强夯地基处理技术得到了补充和完善。
Dynamic consolidation is initiated in Mcnard Technical Company. French. 1969. Its working principle is to make at a given distance the heavy hammer falls free down to the foundation where the impacts and vibration are formed to make the powerful stress wave, cause the variation of internal stress in soil mass and pressure of void water, etc. and achieve the improvement of foundation strength. This method has the merits of remarkable effect for strengthening, simple equipment for construction, fast construction and less construction cost, etc. so it has been widely used. At present, most of the studies on this Dynamic Consolidation technique at home and abroad are mainly centralized for use of great energy level-heavy tamping technique and saturated soft soil complex foundation while for less use of puddingstone soil, pebble soil, high filling foundation in the mountain area, so a further study in this aspects is necessary.
    This paper has gone deeply into study on the heavy Tamping-strengtherung principle, applicable range, great energy level- heavy tamping technique, mechanics of uneven settlement of heavy tamping-dynamic consolidation foundation and test and check of heavy tamping-strengthening foundation on basis of comprehending the recent development and study of dynamic consolidation technique in the literature of science and technology at home and abroad in combination with the living example of foundation-heavy tamped in landing area at Mianyang Nanjiao Air Port and presented the technical parameters for strengthening of foundation highly filled with pebble soil in mountain area, lower-energy tamping-compacting density for improvement of high-filled foundation, the total settlement reduction of foundation, settlement control principle; in order to accelerate the consolidated and compacted density in the filling layers and reduce the pre-compacting strengthening time presented the heavy tampering -compacting methods. In
    this way the final control settlement time has been achieved largely in the filling layers. The empirical formula for the effective strengthening depth and impact depth under the single impacting capacity in heavy lamping-strengthening of pebble-soil foundation has been presented on basis of the study of outcome which the dynamic stress under heavy tamping and impacting attenuates with depth and index.
    Through such study, the heavy tamping foundation treatment technique has been supplemented and consummated or perfected.
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