摘要
高效厌氧反应器是节能环保型的有机污染解决设施,内循环厌氧反应器(Internal Circulation,简称IC反应器)是在UASB反应器基础上开发成功的第三代超高效厌氧反应器,具有占地面积小、高径比大、有机负荷高、出水稳定和耐冲击负荷能力强等特点。
针对油脂废水COD浓度高,SS较低,pH值低等特点,选用IC反应器作为本研究厌氧处理设备。试验装置为自行设计的圆柱形有机玻璃结构IC反应器,反应器容积为25L,主体高1.35m,主体上部气-液分离器高15mm。本研究探索了IC反应器处理油脂废水的启动和运行过程,并对系统运行的工艺参数和反应器内颗粒污泥的性质等进行了研究。
IC反应器启动所采用的接种污泥为大连市春柳河污水处理厂的厌氧生物滤池颗粒污泥,启动时污泥的挥发性悬浮固体浓度为44.7g/L,悬浮固体浓度为59.4g/L。
接种污泥是黑褐色的颗粒污泥,总接种量为50L。启动试验历时25天,启动温度35±1℃,启动完成时,容积负荷达到25kgCOD/(m~3·d),完成了IC反应器的启动效果的研究。在反应器启动过程中,考察了反应器第一反应室和第二反应室的COD去除率,并观察了反应器中颗粒污泥的形态。
启动第2天即有少量的沼气产出,之后产气量逐渐上升,启动第9天,容积负荷由最初的5 kgCOD/(m~3·d)升至10kgCOD/(m~3·d),COD去除率由42.3%上升为60.4%。第25天达到设计运行的容积负荷25kgCOD/(m~3·d)时,HRT为13.3h,COD去除率为84.3%。反应器完全启动运行稳定后,调节进水流量,控制容积负荷在15～35kgCOD/(m~3·d)内波动,整个过程中,COD去除率在73.4～85.2%之间,得出反应器最佳运行负荷为25 kgCOD/(m~3·d),反应器处理效果最佳时的运行负荷与设计的运行负荷是一致的。
试验采用的进水负荷适用于该反应器,当容积负荷控制在15～25kgCOD/(m~3·d)之间时,VFA基本稳定在300mg/L以下,有时甚至低于150mg/L,说明反应器在容积负荷为25kgCOD/(m~3·d)时运行稳定。随着反应器的运行,污泥床不断膨胀,反应器内小颗粒污泥数量逐渐变少,底部直径大于1.5mm的颗粒污泥明显增加,污泥浓度不断增加,颗粒污泥的外观也逐渐变为灰黑色、黑色球形和椭圆状球形。
High-rate anaerobic reactors are energy saving and environmental devices in the organic treatment of wastewater. The Internal Circulation Reactor (IC reactor) the third group of high-rate anaerobic reactors, which was developed by Paques BV based on UASB reactors, can be operated at high reactor volume lading rates and high liquid up- flow velocity with low investment cost and space occupation.
Because the high value COD and low SS and pH value of grease wastewater, the IC reactor was chosen as the anaerobic reactor for the research. In the experiment, the column organic glass-made IC reactor was designed with 15 mm high gas-liquid separator located at the top of the IC reactor and it is 1.35m high and 25L. The start-up and running of the full-scale IC reactor in treating grease wastewater were explored and the characteristics of granular sludge and process parameter of the running system were studied.
Inoculation sludge in the start-up of the reactor is the granular sludge of the anaerobic biofilter of domestic wastewater treatment plant in Dalian and the VSS and SS of the sludge is and 59.4g/L respectively 44.7g/L.
The granular sludge was black-brown and 50L was inoculated into the reactor the start-up experiment went through for 25 days. The experiment completed the start-up research of IC reactor and the results showed that the volume loading reached to 25kgCOD/(m~3·d) with the running temperature 35±1℃. Simultaneously, the removal rate of COD in the first and second reaction room was reviewed and the shape of granular sludge in the reactor was observed in the process of start-up.
The methane was produced two days after start-up and the output was higher in the following days. The volume loading rose to 10kgCOD/(m~3·d) from 5kgCOD/(m~3·d) nine days after start-up with the removal rate of COD moved up to 60.4% from 42.3% .When the reactor reached to the designed running volume loading 25kgCOD/(m~3·d) the removal rate of COD was 84.3% and the HRT was 13.3h.When the reactor completely ran shabbily the runoff of the influent was adjusted and the volume loading was controlled fluctuating between 15 kgCOD/(m~3·d) and 35kgCOD/(m~3·d) with the removal rate of COD keeping between 73.4% and 85.2% and the most appropriate running loading was 25 kgCOD/(m~3·d) which was consistent with the designed running loading.
The experiment loading of the influent applied to the designed reactor and when the volume loading was controlled between 15 kgCOD/(m~3·d) and 25kgCOD/(m~3·d) the VFA was basically below 300mg/L even lower than 150 mg/L sometimes which showed that the reactor ran comparatively steadily. With the running of the reactor, the sludge bed expanded continuously and the amount of little granule sludge gradually reduced. The granule sludge bigger than 1.5mm increased obviously at the bottom of the reactor so the sludge concentration also increased and the colour of the granular sludge became gray-black, black roundness and oval roundness little by little.
引文
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