摘要
本文选择咪唑类离子液体作为研究对象。首先对咪唑类离子液体的组成、结构、特征、传统合成方法及其在有机合成化学中的应用进展作了较全面的介绍。在此基础上,我们以甲基咪唑和氯乙酸为原料,分别用常规合成法和微波合成法合成了9种甲基咪唑盐类离子液体和3种酸性功能离子液体,用核磁和红外谱图对其结构进行了表征;对它们的密度、吸水性、溶解性、热稳定性等部分性质进行了较深入地探讨;对上述合成的12种离子液体在β-萘甲醚合成中的应用进行了较全面的研究。通过单因素试验,对反应原料比的选择、离子液体的选择、用量、反应温度、反应时间、含水率等反应条件和离子液体重复使用的稳定性进行了基础性的研究,找到了合适的离子液体。结果表明,当[Bmim]HSO_4离子液体取代浓硫酸作催化剂时,醇与酚按5:1摩尔比取料,[Bmim]HSO_4用量为2.5g,反应温度为90℃,反应时间为6h,离子液体含水为10%时,催化效果最好,产率较高,可达到84.6%,此时的离子液体重复使用效果也较好。因此,用[Bmim]HSO_4离子液体替代浓硫酸作β-萘甲醚合成反应的酸催化剂所形成的有机酸反应体系,在不影响工艺成本和生产效率的基础上,可减缓原浓硫酸反应体系对工艺设备和自然环境所造成的严重的破坏,具有绿色环保的意义。
The ingredients, structures, characters, synthesis methods and application of ionic liquids have been reviewed in this paper. The imidazolium-based ionic liquids were specially and specifically investigated. Choosing methylimidazole as the matrix, nine kinds of imidazolium-based ionic liquids and three kinds of acidic functional ionic liquids were synthesized using conventional method and microwave irradiation method, respectively. The structures of the objective products were confirmed by FT-IR and ~1HNMR spectrums. The important properties of the objective products were further discussed, including density, absorbing moisture ability, dissolvability and thermal stability. The objective products using as catalysts in the synthesis ofβ-naphthol methyl ether was also researched. A one-way analysis of variance was performed in this study to examine the influences of the content of ionic liquids, raw materials ratio, types, reaction time, reaction temperature and moisture content on the yield of theβ-naphthol methyl ether. The reusing stability of the ionic liquids were also studied.
Finally, the best ionic liquid was selected. The optimized formulation was described as follows: raw materials mole ration 5:1(alcohol/ naphthalene), 2.5g [Bmim]HSO_4, reaction temperature at 90℃, reaction time 6h, the water content of the ionic liquids at 10%. The yield could reach as high as 84.6%, which proved that the catalyst was effective. Meanwhile, the reusing stability of the ionic liquids showed a satisfactory result. In conclusion, the organic-acidic system, which choose [Bmim]HS04 ionic liquids as catalyst instead of sulphuric acid , has been successfully employed to the synthesis of theβ-naphthol methyl ether, without influencing the cost and the yield of the objective product. What's more, the organic-acidic system would be environmentally friendly and erode equipment less compared to the vitriol oil.
引文
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