摘要
山地建筑在山地城市中被广泛应用且日益增多,而山地建筑结构抗震设计理论研究却严重滞后于工程实践的需要。在此背景下,本文系统地研究了山地建筑结构设计地震动输入问题和侧向刚度控制方法。主要研究工作及成果如下:
①为了满足山地建筑体系的需求和发展提出了与之对应的山地建筑结构概念,界定了山地建筑结构类型,澄清了山地建筑结构抗震设计关键问题,从而本文明确了山地建筑在设计时需要遵循山地建筑结构设计相关要求和规定。
②结合工程实际针对掉层结构不同的接地方式,提出了三种几何计算模型。从震害调查及工程实践中提炼和归纳了典型山地建筑结构存在的特殊问题,并基于掉层结构受力特性、动力特性及抗震性能的分析,将山地建筑结构抗震特殊问题梳理和概括为三个方面:地震动输入问题、竖向不规则问题和抗震措施问题。
③补充和完善了山地建筑结构设计地震动输入相关研究,为抗震规范相关内容的规定提供参考。采用有限元数值分析方法,计算了高度在10~70m范围,坡角在15°~ 60°范围内的28个粘弹性岩质坡地模型在水平和竖向白噪声输入下的线弹性响应,分析了坡高及坡角变化对坡地斜坡段反应谱及谱比的影响规律,给出了岩质山地建筑结构设计水平地震动放大系数;同时还给出了需要考虑竖向地震动影响的山地工程结构设计竖向地震动的放大系数。
④进行了山地建筑结构侧向刚度计算方法研究,利用等代柱的思想简化了山地建筑结构侧向刚度计算方法,揭示其内力分配规律。通过考虑掉层部分梁柱线刚度比的影响,给出等代柱高度计算方法,并验证等代柱方法的正确性。此外,通过考虑柱端转角的影响对单层单跨和多层多跨不等高框架柱抗侧刚度D值进行修正。相当于给出了掉层结构等代成底层不等高框架后手算底部刚度的方法。
⑤首次对山地建筑结构侧向刚度控制方法进行了研究,提出了山地建筑结构侧向刚度控制指标并给出了设计建议。主要包括:1)检验出现有层间受剪承载力指标和层刚度控制指标对掉层结构竖向不规则控制已经失效;2)根据掉层结构不等高接地的特点,针对掉层结构提出了“层内侧向刚度比”的概念;3)综合弹性层间位移角、层间剪力、相对屈强比的分布规律及弹塑性分析结果,给出了掉层结构层侧向刚度控制指标及薄弱层位置判定依据;4)给出了掉层结构计算起算点位置建议。5)给出了薄弱层内力调整和薄弱部位延性控制相关设计建议。
本文为第一本《山地建筑结构设计规程》编制奠定了研究基础及理论依据。
Buildings on the slope are widely used and have been increasing in mountainous city, but the research on seismic design theory of structures on the slope has lagged behind the needs of engineering practice. Therefore, the design ground motion input problem and the lateral stiffness control method of structures on the slope are studied systemically. The achievements of this thesis are shown as follows:
To satisfy the demands of the development of buildings on the slope, the concept of structures on the slope is proposed, the type of them is defined and the key problems of their seismic design are clarified. Thus the rules and requirements which should be conformed in the design of structures on the slope are verified in this thesis.
Three geometric models of the structures supported by foundations with different locations are established according to engineering practice. The special problems of seismic design of typical structures on the slope are described and summarized from seismic damage investigation and engineering practice. Based on the analysis of the mechanical properties, dynamic characteristics and seismic behavior for structures supported by foundations with different locations, the special problems are summarized to three aspects: ground motion input, vertical irregularity and seismic measures.
Research on the seismic input of the structures on the slope is supplemented and completed, which offers the reference to the code for seismic design of buildings. The elastic responses of 28 viscoelastic rock slope models under horizontal and vertical white noise input are analyzed by the finite-element method. And the slope height and the slope angle of the models are 10~70 meters and 15~60 degrees respectively. Furthermore, the amplification coefficients of horizontal ground motion of the structures on the rock slope are proposed, and the seismic input problem for the structures is solved; meanwhile, the amplification coefficients of vertical ground motion are proposed to the structures on the slope needing to take into account the influence of vertical ground motion.
The method of calculation lateral stiffness of the structures on the slope, which is simplified via equivalent column method, is studied. And the distribution law of the internal force is revealed for the structures on the slope. Considering the influence of linear stiffness ratio between the column and beam of the losing-floor part, the method to compute the height of the equivalent column is proposed and verified properly. Furthermore, through considering the influence of rotation angle of the column end, the lateral stiffness D values of unequal height frame columns for the structures with“one story, one span”and“multilie-story, multilie-spans”are both modified.
The control method of lateral stiffness of the structures on the slope is studied firstly, and the control index and some design suggestions are proposed. The main content includes the following parts: 1) The present control indexes of vertical irregularity that is the index of story shear bearing capacity and story lateral stiffness aren’t applicable to the structures supported by foundations with different locations. 2) According to the characteristics of foundations with different locations, the concept of“internal story equivalent lateral rigidity ratio”is put forward to the structures supported by foundations with different locations. 3) To summarize the distributing law of elastic story drift ratio, story shear and relative yield strength ratio and the results of the elastc-plastic analysis, the index of lateral stiffness and the criterion of the weakness floors is proposed. 4) The local of the initial calculation point of the structures supported by foundations with different locations is suggested. 5) Some design suggestions of internal force adjustment of the weakness stories and ductility control of the weakness part are given.
This thesis prepares the basic study and theoretical basis for the draft of the first structure on the slope design code.
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