摘要
用活化法以~(93)Nb(n,2n)~(92m)Nb或~(27)Al(n,α)~(24)Na反应截面为中子注量标准,对d+T中子引起的铂同位素：~(190)Pt(n,2n)~(189)Pt、~(196)Pt(n,2n)~(195m)Pt、~(198)Pt(n,2n)~(197)Pt、~(198)Pt(n, 2n)~(197m)Pt、~(192)Pt(n,2n)~(191)Pt、~(194)Pt(n,p)~(194)Ir、~(195)Pt(n, p)~(195m)Ir和~(196)Pt(n,p)~(196m)Ir等反应道；钌同位素：~(104)Ru(n,2n)~(103)Ru、~(98)Ru(n,2n)~(97)Ru、~(96)Rn(n,2n)~(95)Ru、~(96)Ru(n, p)~(96g)Tc、~(96)Ru(n, p)~(96m)Tc、~(104)Ru(n,p)~(104)Tc、~(102)Ru(n, p)~(102m)Tc、~(104)Ru(n,α)~(101)Mo、~(102)Ru(n,α)~(99)Mo、~(96)Ru(n,α)~(93m)Mo和~(96)Ru(n, d)~(95m)Tc等反应道;锶同位素:~(84)Sr(n,2n)~(83)Sr、~(86)Sr(n,2n)~(85m)Sr、~(86)Sr(n,2n)~(85g)Sr、~(88)Sr(n,2n)~(87m)Sr、~(84)Sr(n,p)~(84)Rb、~(86)Sr(n,p)~(86)Rb、~(88)Sr(n,p)~(88)Rb、~(88)Sr(n,α)~(85m)Kr等反应道;硒同位素:~(82)Se(n,2n)~(81m)Se、~(82)Se(n,2n)~(81g)Se、~(82)Se(n,2n)~(81)Se、~(76)Se(n,2n)~(75)Se、~(78)Se(n,p)~(78)As、~(76)Se(n,p)~(76)As、~(74)Se(n,p)~(74)As和~(80)Se(n,α)~(77)Ge等反应道;砷同位素:~(75)As(n,2n)~(74)As、~(75)As(n, p)~(75m+g)Ge和~(75)As(n,α)~(72m+g)Ga三个反应道;锇同位素:~(192)Os(n,2n)~(191)Os、~(186)Os(n,2n)~(185)Os、~(184)Os(n,2n)~(183m)Os、~(184)Os(n,2n)~(183g)Os、~(184)Os(n,2n)~(183)Os、~(190)Os(n,p)~(190m)Re、~(190)Os(n,p)~(190g)Re、~(190)Os(n,p)~(190)Re、~(189)Os(n,p)~(189)Re、~(188)Os(n,p)~(188)Re、~(190)Os(n,α)~(187)W和~(190)Os(n,n')~(190m)Os等12个反应道;镥同位素:~(175)Lu(n,2n)~(174m)Lu、~(175)Lu(n,2n)~(174g)Lu和~(175)Lu(n,α)~(172)Tm等3个反应道,共计53个反应道130多个能量点对应截面进行了测量,在截面测量中样品均为高纯的天然同位素单质或化合物。在数据的测量中使用高分辨率的同轴高纯锗(HPGe)探测器进行γ谱的获取,利用成熟的截面计算公式进行了数据的处理,同时根据核反应生成核人工放射性的衰变和生长规律,得到了在核反应截面测量中扣除由EC或β~-衰变对所测量反应影响的计算公式、生成核相同时截面的计算公式以及在截面测量中监督反应的选择规则等在数据处理中要解决的问题。并把本工作的数据和其他一些作者的数据以及评价值进行了收集、分析和比较,其中~(190)Pt(n,2n)~(189)Pt、~(175)Lu(n,α)~(172)Tm、~(96)Ru(n,p)~(96m)Tc和~(96)Ru(n,α)~(93m)Mo四个反应截面值在我们是首次测量报道。
在14 MeV中子引起的核反应截面测量的基础上,本文对2007年以前的14.5 MeV中子引起的(n,2n)、(n,p)、(n,α)、(n,t)、(n,~3He)五种核反应截面的实验数据进行了收集、分析和整理。根据核反应蒸发模型和预平衡激子模型,在一定的近似条件下对这五种核反应截面系统学进行了研究,给出了计算14.5 MeV中子引起的上述五个反应截面的系统学公式,并与文献结果进行了比较。
Cross-sections for ~(190)Pt(n,2n)~(189)Pt, ~(196)Pt(n,2n)~(195m)Pt, ~(198)Pt(n,2n)~(197)Pt, ~(198)Pt(n, 2n)~(197m)Pt, ~(192)Pt(n,2n)~(191)Pt, ~(194)Pt(n,p)~(194)Ir, ~(195)Pt(n, p)~(195m)Ir and ~(196)Pt(n,p)~(196m)Ir reactions on platinum isotopes; for ~(104)Ru(n,2n)~(103)Ru, ~(98)Ru(n,2n)~(97)Ru,~(96)Rn(n,2n)~(95)Ru,~(96)Ru(n, p)~(96g)Tc,~(96)Ru(n, p)~(96m)Tc,~(104)Ru(n, p)~(104)Tc, ~(102)Ru(n, p)~(102m)Tc,~(104)Ru(n,α)~(101)Mo,~(102)Ru(n,α)~(99)Mo, ~(96)Ru(n,α)~(93m)Mo and ~(96)Ru(n, d)~(95m)Tc reactions on ruthenium isotopes; for ~(84)Sr(n,2n)~(83)Sr,~(86)Sr(n,2n)~(85m)Sr,~(86)Sr(n,2n)~(85g)Sr, ~(88)Sr(n,2n)~(87m)Sr,~(84)Sr(n,p)~(84)Rb,~(86)Sr(n,p)~(86)Rb,~(88)Sr(n,p)~(88)Rb,~(88)Sr(n,α)~(85m)Kr reactions on strontium isotopes; for ~(82)Se(n,2n)~(81m)Se, ~(82)Se(n,2n)~(81g)Se, ~(82)Se(n,2n)~(81)Se, ~(76)Se(n,2n)~(75)Se, ~(78)Se(n,p)~(78)As, ~(76)Se(n,p)~(76)As, ~(74)Se(n,p)~(74)As and ~(80)Se(n,α)~(77)Ge reactions on selenuum isotopes; for ~(75)As(n,2n)~(74)As, ~(75)As(n, p)~(75m+g)Ge and ~(75)As(n,α)~(72m+g)Ga reactions on arseniic isotopes; for ~(192)Os(n,2n)~(191)Os, ~(186)Os(n,2n)~(185)Os, ~(184)Os(n,2n)~(183m)Os, ~(184)Os(n,2n)~(183g)Os, ~(184)Os(n,2n)~(183)Os, ~(190)Os(n,p)~(190m)Re, ~(190)Os(n,p)~(190g)Re, ~(190)Os(n,p)~(190)Re, ~(189)Os(n,p)~(189)Re, ~(188)Os(n,p)~(188)Re, ~(190)Os(n,α)~(187)W and ~(190)Os(n,n')~(190m)Os reactions on osmium isotopes, and for ~(175)Lu(n,2n)~(174m)Lu, ~(175)Lu(n,2n)~(174g)Lu and ~(175)Lu(n,α)~(172)Tm reactions on lutetium have been measured at neutron energies from 13.5 to 14.8 MeV using activation technique and by means ofγ-ray spectrometry. The neutron fluences were determined using the monitor reaction ~(93)Nb(n, 2n)~(92m)Nb or ~(27)Al(n,α)~(24)Na and the neutron energies were measured by the mmethod of cross-section ratios for ~(90)Zr(n,2n)~(89m+g)Zr to ~(93)Nb(n,2n)~(92m)Nb reactions. The results of the present work are compared and discussed with the values of previous researchers.
In the measurement of cross section of nuclear reaction, according to the regulation of growing and decay of artificial radioactive nuclide, a general formula used to subtract the effect of EC orβ~- decay to cross section measured was deduced; a calculation method of cross-section measurement of nuclear reaction with the same product is deduced ; the effects of different monitors in the cross section measurements of nuclear reactions by 14MeV neutrons, at the same time some monitors and correlative parameters were given.
The experimental (n,2n)、(n,p)、(n,α)、(n,t) and (n,~3He) cross section around 14.S MeV have been collected, analyzed, and evaluated. Data were taken from National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC) up to the end of 2007. Systematics are proposed for the (n,2n)、(n,p)、(n,α)、(n,t)and (n,~3He) reactions cross-sections at 14.5 MeV neutron enery based on the statistical model. The systematics provides the bast description of experimental data compared with formulas proposed earlier by other authors.
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