摘要
共同沟是指收容了两种以上的管道、管线系统,具有隧道结构形式的基础设施,它是现代化城市基础设施科学管理和规划的标志。随着我国社会经济的快速发展,共同沟的建设正逐渐增多。目前,我国尚没有针对共同沟这种浅埋地下结构相应的抗震设计规范,进行共同沟系统的振动台模型试验将为这类结构体系的抗震设计和建设提供重要资料。
首先,本文论述共同沟具有传统直埋式管线敷设方式所无法比拟的优点;对共同沟施工方法的演变、管线分布需求上的设置、共同沟在地震作用下的破坏形式及破坏特点进行归纳总结;综述国内外共同沟发展建设的状况和共同沟抗震研究的状况;简要回顾已有地下结构振动台模型试验研究工作,评述了在共同沟振动台模型试验过程中应注意的问题。
其次,结合我国已建或在建共同沟的形式、尺寸、埋深、结构设计特点等情况,按浅埋地下结构设计的相关要求,论文设计两个共同沟模型:支线共同沟模型和干线共同沟模型。进行振动台模型试验,获得两套振动台试验数据。针对振动台试验的方案、准备和设计过程,系统研究了共同沟体系的振动台实验技术,包括确定模型相似比、模型箱设计、结构模型制作、模型土配置、传感器布置以及地震波的加载、模型的装箱等相关问题。
再次,针对共同沟结构进行振动台模型试验研究,分别从模型结构的基本动力特性,加速度时程、结构构件的应变变化以及作用在结构表面的土压力值变化进行分析,获得共同沟结构体系在加速度、应变和动土压力等方面一些规律性的认识。
运用ANSYS有限元软件进行共同沟体系振动台数值模拟,通过与试验数据进行分析比较,从加速度时程曲线、结构混凝土应变和结构表面土压力的变化,得出相应结论。
最后,本文总结归纳了本次振动台试验所获得的成果,提出共同沟结构抗震设计的建设性措施,为将来制定共同沟抗震设计规范提供依据。
The utility or common tunnel is popularly regarded as the symbol of urban modernization, particularly in scientific management and programming of infrastructures in urban area. Owning to many virtues, such as avoiding high-frequency road cutting and low maintenance fees for safety and function of infrastructure system, as the economy rapidly development, utility tunnel in China is gradually increasing. As one of the important lifeline systems, utility tunnel plays an important role in keeping the healthy economy and harmonious social order, its malfunction or interruption will result in the economic losses. Although China faces a high seismic risk, there is still not a special aseismic design standard for shallow underground structure like utility tunnel, experimental study aiming to utility tunnel in this thesis will be a great practical significance for aseismic design and constructing this kind of underground structure.
Firstly, based on elaborating the advantages of utility tunnel, reviewing its development history, comparing structural parameters and construction method of utility tunnel in China with that abroad, and analyzing earthquake damage characteristics of utility tunnel system, the author discusses to develop aseismic design method for utility tunnel system, suggests that the shaking table test is an ideal platform to explore seismic response mechanism of utility tunnel system, and highlights the problems which should be paid great attention in the test process.
Secondly, considering the ditch form, size, buried depth and structural characteristics of utility tunnel constructed or being constructed in China and seismic design requirements of shallow underground structure,two utility tunnel models--branch utility tunnel and main utility tunnel--for shaking table test are designed. The thesis describes the details how to set up shaking table test, including structural model design and making, sensors selection and layout of monitored points, the preparation of model soil and selection of earthquake waves input, and so on.
Thirdly, based on the results got by shaking table test, basic dynamic characteristics of model systems, acceleration time history and strain of utility tunnels and soil pressure are analyzed using Spectrum Analysis Method, and some valuable conclusions are got. A series of numerical simulation to study seismic response of model system under different earthquake waves input is done. Compared results from numerical analysis with that from the test, such as the acceleration time history, strain of utility tunnel and soil pressure, conclusions have been obtained.
Lastly, this thesis summarizes the achievement in this shaking table test, some useful conclusions for aseismic design of utility tunnel system, which is significant for formulating aseismic design standard.
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