摘要
风力发电监测技术是一门集风力发电技术、电力电子技术、计算机技术等多种技术相结合的交叉性技术。在风电事业由起步到蓬勃发展的重要阶段,各种风力发电系统的开发研制正如火如荼的进行。与水平轴相比,垂直轴风力发电系统在很多方面具有优势,得到越来越多的关注和研究,现已获得长足的进步。对一个风力发电系统来说,启动风速、风轮空气动力特性、风轮机械输出特性、机组功率输出特性等参数是衡量系统好坏的最直观、最重要的依据。因此,及时、有效的获得所开发的风电系统各项运行数据有助于研发工作的顺利进行。如果只依靠人力测量,就必须要求多个人在同一时间测取各种不同的数据,这样既耗费人力物力,也不可避免的会引入大量误差,包括时间误差和测量误差等,是一种十分低效率、低准确率的测量方案。正因如此,本文开发了垂直轴风力发电监测系统,具体内容如下：
(1)概述垂直轴风力发电的基本理论,包括风力机的种类、空气动力学原理、输出功率等内容；引出一种新型垂直轴磁悬浮自调桨距风力发电机,与水平轴风力机和一般垂直轴风力机进行比较,详细介绍了自调桨距叶片及技术、磁悬浮轴承技术等在该风力发电机中的应用。
(2)针对垂直轴磁悬浮自调桨距风力发电机,明确监测对象,设计垂直轴风力发电监测系统的总体结构。介绍各种传感器——包括风速传感器、转速传感器、霍尔电流传感器等的种类、工作原理和特点,确定适于监测系统用传感器的类型。
(3)根据垂直轴风力发电监测系统总体设计方案,设计、制作了风电运行数据采集硬件系统,对风速信号、转速信号、交直流电压信号、交直流电流信号等各种信号调理电路进行正确性验证试验；简要介绍了基于虚拟仪器的风电监测软件系统,给出Labview可视化编程的基本步骤和程序框图。
(4)为了在大量监测数据中得到有用信息,提出监测系统数据分析策略,包括基于数值平均和比恩法的数据处理方法和Access数据库的数据操作步骤。设计室内、室外两种实验环境,通过垂直轴磁悬浮自调桨距风力发电机比较实验和垂直轴风光互补路灯系统运行监测实验两个实验实例,证明依靠此系统,可以实时监测风电系统的各项运行参数,为研发人员评测、改进风电机组提供可靠的数据依据。
Wind power monitoring is a Cross-cutting technology which includes wind power technology, power electronics, and computer technology and so on. In the important stag of wind power business from the start to flourish, various research and exploitation of wind power generation system is in full swing. Compared with the horizontal axis, vertical axis wind power generation system has advantages in many respects, so it has received more and more attention and research, and now considerable progress has been obtained. For a wind power generation systems, the parameters such as start wind speed, aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbines, wind wheel mechanical output characteristics and the unit power output characteristics is the most intuitive and important basis to measure the system quality. Therefore, getting the operating data of wind power system timely and effective will help the research work be carried out smoothly. Only relying on human measurements will require many people to measure a variety of different data at the same time, then it will spend a lot of manpower and material resources, but also inevitably introduce lots of errors, including the time and measurement errors, so it is a measurement program with low efficiency and accuracy. For this reason, this paper has developed a vertical axis wind power monitoring system, details are as follows:
1) The basic theory of vertical axis wind power has been outlined, including the type of wind turbine, aerodynamics, power output, etc.; a new type of magnetic suspended self-pitch vertical axis wind turbine has been presented and compared with the horizontal axis and the general vertical axis wind turbine, then the application of the self-pitch leaves and technology and the magnetic bearings technology in this wind turbine has been introduced.
2) The overall structure of the vertical axis wind power monitoring system has been designed after the monitoring object for the magnetic vertical axis self-pitch suspended wind turbine was nailed down. It is determined the type of sensors which is suitable for the monitoring system through the working principle and characteristics of a variety of sensors has been Introduced,such as wind speed sensor, speed sensor, Hall current sensors and so on.
3) According to the design plan of the vertical axis wind power monitoring system, Operational data acquisition hardware system of wind power has been designed and produced, and the correctness of the signal conditioning circuit including wind speed signal, speed signal, AC/DC voltage signal, AC/DC current signal has been tested and verified; It also briefly introduced the wind power monitoring software system which is based on virtual instrument, then gave basic steps and block diagram of the Labview visual programming.
4) In order to find out the useful information form a lot of monitoring data, this paper proposed the data analysis strategy of monitoring system, including the data processing method based on numerical average and the Bean method and the data manipulation steps of Access database. It has designed two experimental environments for indoor and outdoor, and through the vertical axis magnetic suspended self-pitch comparing tests and vertical axis wind and solar street light system operation monitoring experiment, it proved that rely on this monitoring system, wind power system operating parameters can be real-time monitored and reliable data basis can be provided to R & D personnel for the evaluation and improvement of wind turbine.
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