摘要
21世纪,能源成本的不断上升,清洁能源使用和绿色生产技术应用对环境的影响备受关注,在这种形势下,如何降低新建输电线路损耗,稳定输送容量成为电力工业界的重点课题。随着柔性交流输电系统(FACTS)技术的应用和不断升级,对输电线路既可以进行有功功率控制,也可以进行无功功率控制,有效的解决了输电通道上发生功率阻塞,造成对可传输容量的限制,从而减少了人力不和物力的浪费。因此,研究FACTS控制装置设计已经变得越来越重要。
无功补偿设备对电力系统的控制有几种类型,一是控制系统的电压,使系统的电压稳定在期望值内,二是控制系统的无功电流或者无功功率,使电力系统的无功电流或者无功功率控制在期望的范围内,三是综合控制,使电力系统的电压和无功电流或者无功功率、静态和暂态稳定性、阻尼振荡等控制在期望的范围内。
无功补偿设备的更新换代,实际是控制策略的提升。因此,设计出科学的,有效的控制策略是关键。本文研究了FACTS历代的控制策略及方法,以鞍山变电所为试验基地,设计SVC仿真控制策略,通过利用RTDS系统元件库中的元件模型搭建变电所的等值电路,用实际SVC装置的调节单元来产生触发脉冲信号,并通过RTDS的输入通道将信号输入,控制模型中TCR晶闸管的导通。同时,RTDS系统将模型中35kV、66kV母线电压值经D/A转换,以模拟量形式通过输出端子实时输入进实际装置,构成一个闭环的物理一数字仿真环节。试验中通过设定时序控制投切66kV母线电压上负载引起母线电压波动,从而验证实际SVC装置的控制策略在维持66kV母线电压值在65.3kV～66.6kV范围内的有效性。根据红一变在系统中的地位及红一变的负荷特性,经过研究得出红一变安装的SVC可以降低网络损耗、调节电压、抑制电压波动以及平抑冲击负荷影响等方面可以发挥较大作用,能较好的改善电能质量。通过对STATCOM仿真控制策略设计,研究得出STATCOM的运行范围和调节速度比SVC仿真控制更宽、更快。通过对三相电力系统的暂态仿真设计研究得出TCSC可以控制线路潮流,提高电力系统暂态稳定性,并能阻尼线路功率振荡。同SVC相比,具有灵活的控制能力。通过对电力系统稳定性和控制问题分析得出,SSSC作为纯无功补偿时,电压源的相位总与线路电流相垂直。因此,线路中实时因注入一个正负交变的虚拟有功阻抗,吸收或提供与起主要作用的机械振荡相对应的有功功率,SSSC 的重要优点是它不会引起SSR,并能够帮助阻尼白由输电网络中其他串联电容器引起的次同步谐振。通过对PID模糊控制方法研究得出,UPF0可以完成有功和无功潮流控制,使输电线路以较小的损耗传输更大的功率。
通过以上几种控制装置的比较,可以看出,FACTS控制装置的设备和电力系统中控制设计方法是关键。降低控制设备成本和建立有效的控制方法对未来电力系统输出损耗将起到至关重要的作用。其中,以辽宁省鞍山市红一变为试验基地,仿真模拟SVC控制,更是填补了我国自主研发电力输出能耗补偿的空白,缩小了同世界领先水平的差距,为我国电力系统节能研发提供科学依据和积累设计经验,促进我国电力行业又好又快发展。
In the 21st century, with the energy costs rising. clean energy and green production technology impact on the environment are of concern. In this situation.how to reduce the new transmission line losses, how to stabilize the power transmission capacity become the electric power industry's key issues. With the application and upgrade of the flexible AC transmission (FACTS) technology, which can control the transmission lines' rces. Therefore, the study design of FACTS control devices have become increasingly important.
Reactive power compensation devices control the power system in several ways. First, controling the system voltage,which make the system voltage stable within the expected. Second,controling the reactive current or power,which make they stable within the expected. The third one is a comprehensive control,making the power system voltage,reactive current or power, static transient stability, and damping oscillation stable in the desired range.
The replacement of the reactive power compensation equipment,actually is the promotion of the controling strategy. Therefore,the design of scientific. effective control strategy is the key. This paper studies the control strategy and methods of ancient FACTS, make the substation in Anshan as the test base, designs simulation of SVC control strategy builds substation equivalent circuit model, through using the components in RTDS system component library.use actual SVC device regulation unit to generate the trigger pulse signal, and input signal through the RTDS input channel, control the TCR thyristor conduction. Meanwhile, the model 35kV,66kV bus voltage value in the RTDS system via D/A converter,it real-time input into the actual device through the output terminal by the form of analog, form a closed loop of the physical-aspects of digital simulation.In the test, by setting the timing control switching load which caused 66kV bus voltage fluctuations verify that the actual SVC device control strategy is validity in maintaining the 66kV bus voltage among 65.3kV to 66.6kV. According to the status of the first red in the power system and its load characteristics, the study obtained that the SVC of red substation can reduce system losses,adjust the voltage inhibit voltage fluctuations and stabilize the load shock.It can improve the power quality. Through the design simulation of the STATCOM control strategy, the study obtained that STATCOM's operating range and adjusting rate are faster and wider than SVC. Through the three-phase power system transient simulation design, the study obtained that TCSC can control the line trend, improve power system transient stability, and can hinder the line power oscillation. Compared with SVC, it has a flexible controling ability. Through analysis the power system stability and control performance,it obtained that SSSC as a pure reactive power compensation, the voltage source phase is always perpendicular to the line current. Therefore, injecting a real-time alternating positive and negative virtual active resistance into a line,it can sink or provide active power which corresponding to the mechanical oscillations that play a major role.The important is that SSSC does not cause SSR, and can hinder sub-synchronous resonance that causes by other series capacitor in transmission network. By studying PID fuzzy control method.it shows UPFC can be complete to control active and reactive power flow, transmission lines can transmit more power with a smaller loss.
Through the above comparison of several control devices, it can be seen.that FACTS devices and power system control design method is the key. Reducing control equipment costs and establishing an effective control method for the future power systems will play a crucial role in the output loss. Among them, this paper takes the red substation in Anshan of Liaoning Province as an example,make a SVC operation simulation. SVC fill the gap,which invent power output compensation device by our own. narrow the gap with the world's leading, provide a scientific basis and accumulate design experience for our energy power system,promote a good and fast development of China's power industry.
引文
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