摘要
温度是确定物质状态的最重要参数之一,它的测量与控制在国防、军事、科学实验及工农业生产中具有十分重要的作用。特别是高温测量在航天、材料、能源、冶金等领域中占有极重要地位。而在导弹的瞬时爆炸过程中,温度则是标志着导弹性能的重要的物理量之一,也是一个国家军事实力的标志之一,所以研制爆炸火焰温度场测量装置,有着非常重要的现实意义。
本文的工作就是利用多光谱测温法对导弹爆炸时的温度场进行测量。多光谱测温法是在一个仪器中制成多个光谱通道,利用多个光谱的物体辐射亮度测量信息,经过数据处理得到物体的温度和材料的光谱发射率。因为多光谱测温法有不影响目标温度场,响应速度快,测量无上限等优点,所以现在此方法广泛的应用在高温快速测量之中。
本课题的主要内容包括两个部分,分别为测量装置的设计和测量装置的标定。文中通过分析国内外火焰温度场快速测量的方法和根据爆炸火焰温度场的实际测量要求,对测量装置的软硬件给出了具体的设计,具体包括探测器的选择、测量波长的选择、光学系统设计、前置放大电路的设计、高速数据采集系统的设计、数据传输的设计,火焰真温的计算,防爆的设计和测量装置标定方法的选择等。同时,本文采用Labview编程,简化了程序的编写过程,缩短了系统的开发周期。
Temperature is one of the most important parameters to identify the substances state. Its measurement and control play an important role in national defense, military, scientific experiments, industrial and agricultural production. High temperature measurement occupies a very important position in aerospace, materials, energy, metallurgy and other fields specially. To the process of missile instantaneous explosion, the temperature is one of important physical quantities marking the missile performance, which is also a symbol of nation's military strength, so developing explosion flame temperature measurement device has a very important practical significance.
This paper’s main work is to develop the explosion flame temperature measurement device with multi-spectral thermometry. Multi-spectral thermometry is to get the brightness information of several spectrums from different channels. Then the temperature and spectral emissivity of material is calculated through processing the information data. Multi-spectral thermometry has advantages such as not affecting the target temperature, fast response and no maximum temperature, so this method is now widely used in the high-temperature rapid measurement system.
The paper mainly consists of two parts: the design of the measurement device and calibration of the measurement device. Through the analysis of the domestic and international rapid flame temperature measurement methods and according to practical demands of the explosion flame temperature measurement, the paper gives the hardware and software specific design of the measurement device, which mainly include the detector choice, the measurement wavelength choice, optical system design, the amplifier circuit design, high-speed data acquisition system design, data transmission design, the calculation of the true temperature of the flame, the design of prevention of the destroy and the choice of the method of measurement device calibration. Meanwhile, using Labview programming simplifies the process of programming and shortens the development cycle.
引文
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