摘要
目的：本研究通过对不同性别、不同年龄的肥胖青少年参加有氧运动减肥过程中的身体形态、机能、素质的变化情况以及运动减肥前后不同性别、不同年龄阶段的肥胖青少年各身体指标变化的差异进行深入分析,探讨肥胖青少年有效减肥的方法与途径,使全封闭式减肥训练营肥胖青少年的运动处方更加科学有效,为全封闭式减肥训练营的训练提供理论依据,从而为促进肥胖青少年的身体健康提供理论和实践依据。
方法：本研究以30名10～18岁参加河南省郑州市奥瑞特减肥训练营的重度肥胖青少年为研究对象,对其进行为期四周的运动减肥训练,研究运动减肥对不同性别、不同年龄受试者身体形态、素质及机能变化的影响。
研究结果：(1)通过4周的运动减肥,肥胖青少年的体重、BMI、腰围、臀围、大腿围、小腿围及腰臀比出现明显下降,其肥胖的情况得到有效改善,同时男生的变化幅度比女生大。运动减肥能够改善男女肥胖者的腹部皮褶厚度、上臂皮褶厚度、肩胛皮褶厚度,运动减肥前后对女生上臂皮褶厚度、肩胛皮褶厚度的变化比男生大,腹部皮褶厚度比男生小。经过四周的运动减肥,能够有效降低肥胖青少年的体脂百分比,男女受试者身体的脂肪含量都出现明显的减少,其健康状况得到了良好改善。女生体脂百分比下降的幅度比男生大。(2)运动减肥对13～18岁男女肥胖者身体形态的影响比10～12岁男女肥胖者大。(3)在实施四周的运动减肥后,男女肥胖青少年身体力量、爆发力、柔韧性、平衡能力以及心血管系统机能水平均有提高,能有效增强肥胖青少年的身体素质。且男生身体素质的变化比女生大。(4)运动对13～18岁男生组的肥胖青少年身体素质的影响比10～12岁男生大,但是对13～18岁女生身体素质的影响比10～12岁女生小。(5)经过四周的运动,男女肥胖青少年的血压与心率下降不显著,而肺活量与肺活量指数则有明显的提高；运动还能够有效调节男女肥胖青少年机体的基础代谢,且女生的变化比男生大。(6)运动减肥对13～18岁男生身体生理机能的影响较10～12岁男生大,对10～12岁女生生理机能的影响较13～18岁女生大。(7)肥胖青少年经过四周的运动减肥后其血液中的TC、TG、LDL水平有明显的下降,HDL的有显著性上升,女生的变化较男生大。(8)10～12岁男生的生化指标的变化比13～18岁男生大,10～12岁女生的生化指标的变化比13～18岁女生大,即运动对10～12岁的肥胖青少年的生化指标的影响较大。
结论：(1)经过为期四周的运动训练,肥胖青少年的各身体指标都有良好的改善,因此本研究所采用的运动处方是合理有效的,能够在较短的时间内改善肥胖者的身体机能,促进肥胖者的身体健康。(2)运动减肥的效果与肥胖者的年龄,性别等有一定的关系。不同性别、不同年龄的肥胖者在相同的膳食及运动负荷情况下其身体形态、身体素质、生理机能可呈现出不同的变化,所以运动负荷应根据肥胖者的实际情况进行相应的调整。(3)封闭式减肥训练营的减肥训练模式不仅在较短的时间内能够取得较好的减肥效果,而且对肥胖者的不良生活习惯也能够起到较好的矫正作用。因此,封闭式减肥训练营的训练模式值得推广
Objective:Through deep analysis of changes of body morphology, physical quality and physiological functions during the process of aerobic exercise on obese adolescents with different gender and age stages, and difference of changes on each body index before and after exercise, we discuss effective method to lose weight of obese adolescents, make the exercise prescription for obese adolescents in totally-enclosed weight-reducing training camp more scientific and effective, provide theoretical and practical basis of the training in such training camp in order to promote health situation of obese adolescents.
Methods:Thirty obese adolescents with ages from 10 to 18 who took part in "Ao Rui Te" weight-reducing training camp in ZhengZhou, HeNan Province are used as research object. Study the effect of exercise on body morphology, physical quality and physiological functions of testees with different gender and ages through four-week weight-reducing exercise.
Results:(1) Through four-week exercise to reduce weight, we can see obvious decline of obese adolescents'body-weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, thigh and crus circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. The situation of obesity has ameliorated effectively. At the same time, rangeability of boys is larger than that of girls. Weight reduction by exercise can meliorate skin-fold thickness of abdomen, upper arm and scapular area. After weight reduction by exercise, changes of skin-fold thickness of upper arm and scapular area of girls are larger than boys, while changes of abdomen are smaller. Four-week weight reduction by exercise can lower the percentage of body fat of obese adolescents effectively. Contents of fat of both male and female testees declined distinctively. Health situations of those testees are improved too. Declining rangeability of body fat percentage of girls is larger than boys. (2) Effect of weight reduction by exercise on body morphology for obese adolescents aged from 13 to 18 is larger than those who aged from 10 to 12. (3) After four-week weight reduction by exercise, physical strength, explosive force, flexibility, ability of balance and functional level of cardiovascular system of obese adolescents have improved, with physical quality improved either. Meanwhile, changes of physical quality of boys are larger than that of girls. (4) Influence of exercise on physical quality of male obese adolescents aged from 13 to 18 is bigger than those aged from 10 to 12, while the result is opposite for female obese adolescents. (5) After four-week exercise, decline of blood pressure and heart rate for obese adolescents are not notable, while indices of vital capacity have improved distinctively. Exercise can also regulate physical basic metabolism of obese adolescents effectively and the change of girls is bigger than boys. (6) Influence of weight reduction by exercise on physiological functions of boys aged from 13 to 18 is larger than that of boys who aged from 10 to 12, while for girls the result is opposite. (7) After four-week exercise, levels of TC, TG and LDL in blood of obese adolescents have marked decline, while the level of HDL has distinct rise. Changes of girls are larger than boys. (8) Changes of biochemical indices for boys aged from 10 to 12 are bigger than those aged from 13 to 18, while the results for girls are opposite. That is to say, the influence of exercise on biochemical indices for obese adolescents aged from 10 to 12 is larger.
Conclusions:(1) After four-week training, each physical indices for obese adolescents has improved. Therefore, the exercise prescription used in this research is reasonable and effective. It can improve physical function for obese adolescents in a relatively short period of time and promote their health situations. (2) There's certain relationship between the effect of weight reduction by exercise and age and gender of obese adolescents. Obese people with different ages and gender can have different changes in body morphology, physical quality and physiological functions under the condition of same dietary and exercise lord. Thus, exercise lord need to be adjusted according to the actual situation of obese people. (3) The training mode of totally-enclosed weight-reducing training camp can not only help obese people loss weight, but also correct their bad lifestyle. Therefore, the mode of totally-enclosed weight-reducing training camp is worth to be spread.
引文
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