摘要
摘要：围绕项目运作展开工作的项目型组织是知识经济、信息化和创新型社会背景下,更适应于开展创新和促进价值创造的组织类型。项目型组织的能力具有鲜明的价值创造特性,因而项目型组织能力的研究对组织价值创造、组织竞争优势提升和组织自身发展具有重要意义。
本文从价值创造的视角来研究项目型组织的能力构建与提升。论文首先分析了项目型组织的项目价值和组织价值的联系、区别以及它们之间的相互作用,明确以组织价值为研究导向,并将其分为经济价值、社会价值和人文价值三类。接着通过对组织能力内涵与特征的研究厘清了组织能力的根本来源,通过对组织能力的演进特征、演进机理和协同演进模型的探究分析了组织能力形成的影响因素,包括知识和组织学习,系统及系统互动,环境与环境适应等,并构建了由组织协同力、执行力、学习力、凝聚力和创新力组成的组织能力系统。进而分析了组织能力与组织价值之间的相互关系及作用,指出能力的价值性体现在它可以间接或直接地创造价值,同时分析了组织能力系统的各个构成维度对组织价值创造的作用机制,指出组织系统的价值创造是通过组织能力的输入来实现的,并构建了组织能力对价值作用的综合模型。在理论研究和定性分析的基础上,本文采用基于问卷调查的实证研究方法以及SPSS、AMOS等工具软件,分析、验证了组织能力构成维度之间、组织价值构成维度之间以及组织能力构成维度对组织价值构成维度的作用等一系列假设。论文还进一步构建了组织能力评价指标体系,采用多层次灰色评价法对其进行综合评价,最后结合某大型建筑企业这一典型的项目型组织的发展历碑、组织现状和价值创造,剖析了该企业组织能力提升的创新理念、先进制度和高效措施。
本文的创新点在于提出了基于价值创造的项目型组织能力的概念,分析了项目价值与组织价值的内涵、构成及相互关系,探讨了项目型组织能力的演进特征、演进机理和协同演进模型,构建了项目型组织的能力系统。开拓性地研究了组织能力与组织价值的相互关系,分析了组织能力的各个构成维度对价值的作用机制,并提出了组织能力对价值的系统作用模型。引入结构方程模型的方法对组织能力对组织价值的作用进行了关系假设与模型验证。运用多层次灰色评价方法对项目型组织的能力进行综合评价,最后以某大型建筑企业作为案例,深入剖析了它在组织能力提升方面的一些先进理念、制度和措施。图67幅,表32个,参考文献138篇。
Abstract:Under the background of knowledge-based economy, informatization and innovation-oriented society, Project Based Organization focusing on the operation of projects is more suitable for accelerating innovation and value creation.
The aim of this thesis is to explore the capability establishment and improvement of the projectized organization based on the perspective of valure creation.First, the relationship, difference and interaction between organizational value and project value for the projectized organization were analyzed.To this end, the organization value was taken as the focus of this study, which was divided into economic value, social value and humanistic value.Then, this paper clarifies the root source of the organizational capability by studying on the content and characteristic of it. By exploring the characteristics, mechanism, and collaborative model of the organizational capabilities, the factors influencing the formation of organizational capabilities are analyzed, including knowledge and organizational learning, system and systematic interaction as well as environment and environmental adaptation. Meanwhile, the organizational capabilities system was established which is composed of synergy competency, executive force, learning ability, cohesive force and innovation power.Further analysis was applied to the interconnection and function of organizational capabilities and values as well as the mechanism under which the constitutional dimensions of the organizational capabilities system to the organizational value creation. According the results of the above analysises, it is concluded that the value creation of the organization system is realized by the input of the organizational capabilities. In the end, the composite model of the organizational capabilities acting on the value creation.Based on the theoretical study and qualitative analysis, this paper applied questionnaire survey-based empirical research method as well as the utility software,such as SPSS, AMOS, to analyze and verify a series of hypothesizes with regards to the interrelationship between the constitutional dimensions of organizational capabilities, the interrelationship between the constitutional dimensions of organizational values and the function of the organizational capabilities to the organizational values.This paper further constructed the assessment indicator system of organizational capabilities, and approached the multilevel gray evaluation to comprehensivly evaluate the organizational capabilities. Finally, one certain large scale construction enterprise, which is a typical projectized organization, was studied for its development history, current situations and value creation experience in order to exploring its successful innovation concept, high-efficiency institution and advanced measures.
The innovation points of this paper are as follows. First, this paper initially put forward the concept of the the projectized organization's capability based on value creation, analyse the concept, constitution and interrelationship between the project value and organizational value, as well as evolution characteristics and mechanism of organizational ability.And then, this paper built the collaborative evolution model and organization ability system of Project Based Organization.This paper made a pioneering research on the relationship between ability and organizational value, analyzed the action mechanism of organizational ability for organizational value, and put forward a system function model of the organizational ability on organizational value.The relationship hypothesis and model verification about effect on value creation from organizational ability have been finished by structural equation model method. The multilevel grey evaluation method is used to evaluate the ability of PBO. And then advanced ideas, experience and way of value creation of organizational ability is explored using the management practice case study from a large construction enterprise.
引文
[1]侯海东,姜柏桐,李金海.知识经济下项目导向型企业组织结构模式研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理.2008(11)：151-155.
[2]Gareis R. Management of the Project-oriented Society[C]. PMI Research Conference,2002.
[3]Lindkvist L. Governing Project-based Firms:Promoting Market-like Processes within Hierarchies[J]. Journal of Management and Governance.2004,8(1):3-25.
[4]戚安邦,于波.面向创新的项目导向型企业体制与机制的集成模型与方法[J].南开管理评论.2007(03)：94-101.
[5]Melkonian T, Thierry P. Building Project Capabilities in PBOs:Lessons from the French Special Forces[J]. International Journal of Project Management.2011, 29(4):455-467.
[6]谢莹,可星.基于组织流程的企业组织能力评价研究[J].科技管理研究.2011(11)：113-117.
[7]Grundy T. Strategy implementation and project management[J]. International Journal of Project Management.1998,16(1):43-50.
[8]Hobday M. The project-based organisation:an ideal form for managing complex products and systems?[J]. Research Policy.2000,29(7):871-893.
[9]Thiry M, Manon D. Recent developments in project-based organisations[J]. International Journal of Project Management.2007,25(7):649-658.
[10]Lycett M, Rassau A, Danson J. Programme management:a critical review[J]. International Journal of Project Management.2004,22(4):289-299.
[11]Morris P, Jamieson A. Translating Corporate Strategy Into Project Strategy: Realizing Corporate Strategy Through Project Management[Z]. Project Management Institute,2005:19,74.
[12]王缓缓.基于集成模拟的项目型组织设计研究[D].华中科技大学,2011.
[13]蔡伟.基于企业组织能力系统涌现的组织流程群协调模型研究[D].昆明理工大学,2011.
[14]戴夫·乌尔里克诺姆·斯莫尔伍德.审计你的组织能力[Z].2005.
[15]Smith B, Bob D. Developing managers in the project-oriented organization[J]. Journal of European Industrial Training.1997,21(5):165-170.
[16]Karina S C, Heine K B. Knowledge management in a project-oriented organization:three perspectives[J]. Journal of Knowledge Management.2003,7(3): 116-128.
[17]Turner J R, Keegan A. The versatile project-based organization:governance and operational control[J]. European Management Journal.1999,17(3):296-309.
[18]Turner J R, Keegan A. Mechanisms of governance in the project-based organization::Roles of the broker and steward[J]. European Management Journal. 2001,19(3):254-267.
[19]Davenport J. UK Film Companies:Project-Based Organizations Lacking Entrepreneurship and Innovativeness?[J]. Creativity and Innovation Management. 2006,15(3):250-257.
[20]卢向南,朱祥松.浅议项目导向型企业组织结构的设计[J].技术经济与管理研究.2004(04)：77-78.
[21]邱菀华等.项目计划管理在项目导向型组织中的应用研究[C].中国项目管理研究会年会论文集,2004.
[22]戚安邦,杨玉武,廖媛红,等.面向知识经济与创新型国家的项目导向型组织和社会研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理.2006(04)：70-76.
[23]万礼锋,尹贻林.基于价值管理的工程项目价值提升途径研究[J].建筑经济.2010(04)：104-106.
[24]迈克尔·波特.竞争战略[M].北京：华夏出版社,1997.
[25]王芳.工程价值链及建筑业企业结构研究[D].西安建筑科技大学,2005.
[26]刘航.项目价值链管理在建筑企业中的应用[J].价值工程.2007(09)：73-75.
[27]翟丽,辛燕飞,鹿溪.特大型工程项目的项目管理价值研究——以SHRBC公司为例[J].管理世界.2009(S1)：84-93.
[28]王玻,朱喜旺.面向多元利益主体的公共项目价值模型研究[J].华东经济管理.2011(02)：137-141.
[29]Kwak H, Ibbs Y. Calculating project management's return on investment[J]. Project Management Journal.2000,31(2):38.
[30]Westerveld E. The Project Excellence Model?:linking success criteria and critical success factors[J]. International Journal of Project Management.2003,21(6): 411-418.
[31]Bryde D J. Modelling project management performance[J]. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management.2003,20(2):229-254.
[32]Thomas K, Jugdev J. Project management maturity models:The silver bullets of competitive advantage?[J]. Project Management Journal.2002,33(4):4.
[33]Thomas J, Mullaly M. Understanding the value of project management:First steps on an international investigation in search of value[J]. Project Management Journal.2007,38(3):74-89.
[34]宋娟,葛军.项目价值创造过程研究[J].建筑经济.2008(S2)：369-371.
[35]谢秋玲,叶青.基于精益供应链的工程建设项目价值分析[J].水力发电.2012(03)：78-81.
[36]杨青,邱菀华,张静.项目精益价值管理及价值流分析方法研究[J].科学学研究.2006(02)：249-255.
[37]刘慧馨.建设工程的价值和提升价值的途径[J].价值工程.2006(10)：62-64.
[38]艾光鲜.论工程项目价值链管理[J].辽宁经济.2006(08)：78-79.
[39]吴兴国.建筑企业经营管理[M].北京市：中国环境科学出版社,2004：223.
[40]陈宏伟.中国建筑企业价值提升机理研究[D].北京交通大学,2010.
[41]徐育才安佳.v.扎柯尔著.价值大师 如何提高企业与个人业绩[M].上海市：上海交通大学出版社,2002：210.
[42]Ray G, Barney J B, Muhanna W A. Capabilities, business processes, and competitive advantage:choosing the dependent variable in empirical tests of the resource-based view[J]. Strategic Management Journal.2004,25(1):23-37.
[43]Kagioglou M, Cooper R, Aouad G. Performance management in construction:a conceptual framework[J]. Construction Management & Economics.2001,19(1): 85-95.
[44]Murrin J. Valuation:Measuring and managing the value of companies[J]. Long Range Planning.1992,25(1):125.
[45]王晓宜彼得·戈麦兹著,杨兆宇.整体价值管理 全面开发公司的内外潜力[M].沈阳市：辽宁教育出版社,2000：219.
[46]Ohmae K. Strategy in a world without borders[J]. Leader to Leader.1998, 1998(7):17-23.
[47]步磊,王云峰,熊立华.企业价值·价值链·业务流程[J].价值工程.2002(05)：14-16.
[48]朱广君.基于IT的建筑企业价值链管理研究[D].北京交通大学,2007.
[49]Powell T C. Competitive Advantage:Logical and Philosophical Considerations[J]. Strategic Management Journal.2001,22(9):875-888.
[50]钱德勒.企业规模经济与范围经济 工业资本主义的原动力[M].北京市：中国社会科学出版社,1999：1140.
[51]Prahalad C K. The Core Competence of the Corporation[Z]. Harvard Business Review,1990:68,79.
[52]Teece D J, Pisano G, Shuen A. Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Managemen[J]. Strategic Management Journal.1997,18(7):509-533.
[53]Eisenhardt K M, Martin J A. Dynamic capabilities:what are they?[J]. Strategic Management Journal.2000,21(10-11):1105-1121.
[54]任荣,王涛.提升中国制造业企业能力的路径研究[J].科技进步与对策.2009(20)：55-61.
[55]张卫珍.企业组织能力探索[J].管理科学文摘.2007(2)：33-34.
[56]张肖虎,杨桂红.组织能力与战略管理研究：一个理论综述[J].云南财经大学学报.2007(02)：49-54.
[57]王建优.企业组织能力内涵特征与一般构成[J].中国经贸导刊.2012(21)：68-7I.
[58]可星,蔡伟.基于涌现机理的企业组织能力系统研究[J].商业研究.2011(05)：94-98.
[59]黄培伦,尚航标,招丽珠.组织创新、组织能力和组织绩效的关系研究[J].管理学报.2008(02)：250-257.
[60]刘刚.动态组织能力与企业组织的创新和演进[J].南开学报.2006(06)：69-79.
[61]刘璇华.企业核心能力与组织创新及组织学习互动模式[J].工业工程.2006(05)：53-56.
[62]Leonard-Barton D. Core Capabilities and Core Rigidities:A Paradox in Managing New Product Development J]. Strategic Management Journal.1992,13(8): 111-125.
[63]王锡秋,席酉民.中国企业能力结构的创新研究[J].价值工程.2002(05)：2-6.
[64]刘石兰.组织要素、组织能力视角下的顾客价值研究[D].同济大学,2007.
[65]Henderson R, Cockburn I. Measuring competence?:exploring firm effects in pharmaceutical research[J]. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Sloan School of Management, Working papers:3712-94,2003.2003.
[66]Gibson C B, Birkinshaw J. The Antecedents, Consequences, and Mediating Role of Organizational Ambidexterity [J].The Academy of Management Journal. 2004,47(2):209-226.
[67]黄培伦,尚航标,李海峰.组织能力：资源基础理论的静态观与动态观辨析[J].管理学报.2009(08)：1104-1110.
[68]张冉.行业协会组织边界与组织能力模型的构建研究——基于价值网络的分析[J].财经论丛.2007(05)：90-95.
[69]张春.组织能力的冰山模型研究[J].经营管理者.2011(23)：14-15.
[70]李孟军.基于复杂性理论的研发型经济组织演化与竞争力模型研究[D].国防科学技术大学,2005.
[71]Collis D J. Research Note:How Valuable Are Organizational Capabilities?[J]. Strategic Management Journal.1994,15(S1):143-152.
[72]Winter S G. Understanding dynamic capabilities [J]. Strategic Management Journal.2003,24(10):991-995.
[73]Wang C L, Ahmed P K. Dynamic Capabilities:Are View and Research Agenda[J]. International Journal of Management Review.2007,9(1):31-35.
[74]Prahalad C K, Hamel G. Strategy as a Field of Study:Why Search for a New Paradigm?[J]. Strategic Management Journal.1994,15(SPECIAL ISSUE):5-16.
[75]Kusunoki K, Nonaka I, Nagata A. Organizational Capabilities in Product Development of Japanese Firms:A Conceptual Framework and Empirical Findings[J]. Organization Science.1998,9(6):699-718.
[76]Schreyog G, Kliesch-Eberl M. How Dynamic Can Organizational Capabilities Be? Towards a Dual-Process Model of Capability Dynamization[J]. Strategic Management Journal.2007,28(9):913-933.
[77]Drejer A, Riis J. Competence development and technology:How learning and technology can be meaningfully integrated [J]. Technovation.1999,19(10):631.
[78]Wang C L和A. Dynamic capabilities:a review and research agenda[J]. International journal of management reviews.2007,9(1):31-51.
[79]Vera D, Cepeda G. Dynamic capabilities and operational capabilities:a knowledge management perspective [J]. Journal of business research.2007,60(5): 426-437.
[80]Zollo M, Winter S. Deliberate Learning and the Evolution of Dynamic Capabilities [J]. Organization Science.2002,13(3):339-351.
[81]任荣,王涛.合作条件下企业能力提升的路径分析——基于组织学习模式的实证研究[J].软科学.2012(05)：107-111.
[82]Christensen M, Overdorf C. Meeting the challenge of disruptive change [Z]. Harvard Business Review,2000:78,66.
[83]Teece D J, Pisano G, Shuen A. Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management[J]. Strategic Management Journal.1997,18(7):509-533.
[84]Schreyogg G, Kliesch E M. How dynamic can organizational capabilities be? Towards a dual-process model of capability dynamization[J]. Strategic Management Journal.2007,28(9):913-933.
[85]张建东.企业动态能力与跨期绩效关系研究[D].复旦大学,2005.
[86]陈建勋,王凤彬,张婷婷.控制机制对组织能力的影响路径研究——基于组织情境视角的实证检验[J].管理评论.2012(10)：117-124.
[87]邓修权,徐燕姝,郭彬慧.组织集成化能力演化及其动力研究[J].科技管理研究.2006(04)：207-210.
[88]邓少军,芮明杰.组织动态能力演化微观认知机制研究前沿探析与未来展望[J].外国经济与管理.2010(11)：26-34.
[89]张冉.行业协会组织能力研究：构建、评价与培育[D].同济大学,2008.
[90]Teece D J. Explicating Dynamic Capabilities:The Nature and Microfoundations of (Sustainable) Enterprise Performance[J]. Strategic Management Journal.2007,28(13):1319-1350.
[91]李忆,司有和.知识管理战略、组织能力与绩效的关系实证研究[J].南开管理评论.2009(06)：69-76.
[92]张凤海.动态能力对新企业绩效的影响机理研究[D].大连理工大学,2013.
[93]Barney J B. Resource-based theories of competitive advantage; A ten-year retrospective on the resource-based view[J]. Journal of Management.2001,27(6): 643-650.
[94]韵江,高良谋.公司治理、组织能力和社会责任——基于整合与协同演化的视角[J].中国工业经济.2005(11)：103-110.
[95]邱菀华,杨敏.项目价值管理理论与实务[M].北京市：机械工业出版社,2007：318.
[96]叶华约瑟夫·阿洛伊斯·熊彼特著.经济发展理论对利润、资本、信贷、利息和经济周期的探究英汉对照[M].北京市：九州出版社,2007：564.
[97]毛海燕.企业价值创造的驱动因素研究[D].首都经济贸易大学,2009.
[98]陶晖.基于价值创造的企业核心能力发展研究[D].吉林大学,2005.
[99]张玺.企业核心能力动态适应性演化机理及其控制研究[D].四川大学,2006.
[100]白景坤,邱国栋.动态环境下企业的组织能力及其构成[D].广州大学学报(社会科学版).2010(12)：30-35.
[101]吴远巍.基于能力本体的核心能力再诠释[J].技术经济与管理研究.2008(01)：32-34.
[102]赵永杰.基于系统思考的组织能力演进机制研究[J].中国集体经济.2010(15)：30-31.
[103]王翔.企业动态能力演化理论和实证研究[D].复旦大学,2006.
[104]Grant R M. Toward a Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm[J]. Strategic Management Journal.1996,17(Winter Special Issue):109-122.
[105]高朋.面向项目型组织的项目管理决策技术及其支持系统研究[D].南京理工大学,2010.
[106]Barney J. Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage[J]. Journal of Management.1991,17(1):99-120.
[107]纪建悦,韩广智.执行力组织落实企业战略执行力的组织设计要领[M].北京市：企业管理出版社,2003：232.
[108]杨飞雪,汪海舰,尹贻林.项目治理结构初探[J].中国软科学.2004(03)：80-84.
[109]林敏.集成管理的组织结构模式研究[D].福州大学,2003.
[110]刘璇华.基于核心能力的企业组织创新研究[D].暨南大学,2003.
[111]张肖虎,杨桂红.组织能力与战略管理研究：一个理论综述[J].经济问题探索.2010(10)：65-69.
[112]张力美.论企业组织的战略能力[J].科技与经济.2002(05)：26-28.
[113]张力美,权丽平.论企业组织的战略能力与竞争优势[J].经济师.2003(07)：138-139.
[114]王建优.企业组织能力内涵特征与一般构成[J].中国经贸导刊.2012(21)：68-71.
[115]王锐兰.管理创新的经济学思考[J].商业研究.2003(04)：25-27.
[116]苏敬勤,林海芬.管理创新研究视角评述及展望[J].管理学报.2010(09)：1343-1349.
[117]梅绍祖,Teng Jamest. C流程再造理论、方法和技术[M].北京市：清华大学出版社,2004：361.
[118]杨天举.打造企业价值链 促进业务流程再造[J].建筑经济.2006(02)：31-33.
[119]葛京.战略联盟中组织学习效果的影响因素及对策分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理.2004(03)：136-140.
[120]王国顺,郑准.战略联盟内企业组织学习绩效的影响因素分析[J].现代管理科学.2007(04)：10-12.
[121]黎常.国际合资企业组织学习影响因素及其绩效研究[J].软科学.2008(05)：120-124.
[122]马海燕,马子坤.全球价值链治理、组织学习与代工企业升级关系研究[J]. 科技进步与对策.2010(21)：91-95.
[123]Subramani M R, N V. Safeguarding investments in asymmetric inter-organizational relationships:theory and evidence[J]. Academy of Management Journal.2003,46(1):46-62.
[124]王逸.基于战略价值分析优化的企业战略规划[D].广西大学,2005.
[125]刘俊.企业文化的价值研究[D].武汉大学,2004.
[126]余海晴.组织间合作创新价值创造与分享机理研究[D].吉林大学,2013.
[127]陈劲,陈钰芬.企业技术创新绩效评价指标体系研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理.2006(03)：86-91.
[128]王锐兰.管理创新的经济学思考[J].商业研究.2003(04)：25-27.
[129]蒋骏.依托信息资源打造现代企业——中建五局集团管理信息一体化的实践[J].中国建设信息.2010(06)：50-55.
[130]谭立新.一次思想革命的过程——中建五局信息化规划实施路径[J].施工企业管理.2009(08)：30-31.
[131]李福和.“夯实施工企业‘十二五’发展之基”系列之七企业挖角跳槽频繁何在——人力资源竞争实乃建筑企业发展的一道坎[J].施工企业管理.2011(07)：68-69.
[132]鲁贵卿.五大战略并举 国企重振雄风[J].建筑.2007(23)：43-45.
[133]赵强.中建五局项目文化实施及对策研究[D].长沙理工大学,2012.
[134]鲁贵卿.“信·和”推动企业跨越[J].施工企业管理.2010(07)：31-33.
[135]乔婷婷.企业文化建设落地研究[J].现代企业文化.2012(2)：20.
[136]王建军.一体化与多角化战略[J].施工企业管理.2009(02)：82-83.
[137]黄金.建筑业企业技术创新能力评价指标体系研究[D].东南大学,2005.
[138]鲁贵卿.施工企业项目成本管理的方圆之道[J].建筑.2013(09)：43-47.
