旅游饭店企业成长阶段性影响因素研究
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摘要
改革开放以来,我国的旅游饭店业得到了快速发展,在国民经济中起着越来越重要的作用。但是与发达国家相比,我国的旅游饭店企业在成长中仍然存在着很多问题,导致相当一部分的旅游饭店企业的生存时间较短,或者只能在短期内成长,无法实现企业的可持续成长,更无法实现跨国经营。当前,国际知名饭店集团均已进入中国国内并迅速占领了较大的市场份额,使旅游饭店业市场呈现国内竞争国际化的态势,导致相当大一部分的本土旅游饭店企业生存成长空间狭小,因而我国旅游饭店企业的成长面临着极为严峻的形势,这就迫使我们寻找旅游饭店企业成长的关键影响因素,并通过分析典型性旅游饭店企业的成长路径来启示我国旅游饭店企业的成长。而目前,理论界的相关研究较多,但是主要集中产业层面及单一因素的影响方面,缺乏对旅游饭店企业阶段性成长影响因素的系统研究,从整体来看,理论的研究滞后于现实发展,从而会影响到旅游饭店企业的健康成长,这就为该研究的进行提供了空间。
     本文首先对企业成长理论进行了梳理,并对企业成长的相关问题进行了研究,奠定了本文的理论基础,然后对旅游饭店企业的成长阶段、成长环境、发展现状及存在的问题进行了定性分析,奠定了本文研究的现实基础,然后运用扎根理论对旅游饭店企业成长的主要影响因素进行了质性研究,归纳出了旅游饭店企业成长的关键影响因素,通过对文献、访谈资料的比对研究,最终确定了9个关键影响因素,在此基础上提出了本研究的猜想,随后运用结构方程模型对旅游饭店企业成长的关键影响因素进行实证分析,得出了处在不同成长阶段的旅游饭店企业的关键影响因素存在不同,从而导致了其成长路径的不同,再选择有代表性的旅游饭店企业进行成长的案例分析,对其关键影响因素的作用机理进行了探讨,并构建了国际化背景下我国旅游饭店企业成长的三阶段路径,最后针对旅游饭店企业成长给出了相应的建议与对策。
     在本文的研究中,具有以下几方面的创新之处:
     第一,本文围绕着不同成长阶段的旅游饭店企业成长的关键影响因素展开研究,在之前的文献研究中,一些学者研究了旅游饭店企业成长的关键成功因素,也有一些学者是针对某一因素对于旅游饭店企业的影响展开,但是没有学者针对不同成长阶段的旅游饭店企业成长影响因素展开研究,因此,论文的选题角度和研究内容具有一定的开创性,也是对旅游饭店企业成长研究领域的有益补充。
     第二,本文将实证研究与质性研究结合起来,从定性与定量相结合的视角研究旅游饭店业成长的关键影响因素。一般对于企业成长研究,或是从数据着手实证地分析单一因素对于企业成长的影响程度,或是从案例出发经验地探讨不同因素对于旅游饭店企业的影响程度,从而得出一般性结论。而本研究首先是使用了扎根理论分析了旅游饭店企业成长的关键影响因素构成,同时运用结构方程模型从定量的角度检验质性研究的假设,最后从定性经验的角度探讨了典型旅游饭店企业成长的关键影响因素及作用机理,三者浑然一体,互为支撑,构建了文章扎实的研究框架。
     第三,本文在对国内外具有代表性的三个旅游饭店企业成长案例分析的基础上,结合不同成长阶段旅游饭店企业成长的不同关键影响因素及其作用机理,构建了国际化背景下我国旅游饭店企业成长的三阶段路径。
     目前,我国旅游饭店企业整体已经处于从初创期向发展期过渡阶段,而部分发展较快的旅游饭店企业已经进入到了成熟期,此时研究其不同成长阶段的关键影响因素,有助于更好的引导旅游饭店企业的健康成长。本研究的进行不仅使得旅游饭店企业成长的理论研究领域更加完整,而且能够使旅游饭店企业和相关部门对于其成长有更加准确的认识,能够为旅游饭店企业和政府部门的战略规划制定提供参考,因而具有一定的现实意义。
Since the reform and opening up, China's tourist hotel industry has been rapid development and now plays a more important role in the national economy, but compared with developed countries, our country tourist hotel enterprises exist many problems in their growth stage, there are many tourist hotel business exist for a short time, or only in the short time growth, unable to realize the sustainable growth of long-term, not to speak of competing with the international hotel enterprise, therefore, to explore the tourist hotel growth factors becomes very urgent. At present, the research mainly focuses on industry level and the influence of single factors, systematic research on the growth of tourist hotel is few, theoretical research lags behind the actual development, which provides space for the study.
     The thesis firstly sorts out firm growth theory and researches the problems of enterprise growth, which establishes the foundation of the paper. Then analyze the growth stage of enter prise, development environment, development present situation and the existence question of tourist enterprise hotels which laid the realistic foundation. Then conducted qualitative research by using grounded theory on the growth of main influence factors of Tourist Hotel, finally, summed up the key factors influencing the growth of enterprises through the comparative study of document and interviews, and ultimately determine nine key factors. Finally,draws the conclusion:the key influence factors of different stages of tourist hotel ent erprises lead to different choices. Then choose three representative case of tourist hotel enterprise, discussesthe action mechanism of the main influencing factors, finally, give suggestions on the tourist hotels of different growth stages.
     Based on theoretical research and empirical research, the paper have the following innovations:
     Firstly, the thesis performs empirical research on tourist Hotel industry growth by using the first-hand survey data. Previous studies on Chinese tourist hotel industry growth mainly concentrated on the category of experience and practice field, and without using the original research method from the high generalization. This paper tries to use the first-hand data, using structural equation modeling, systematically to explore and examine the key factors affecting the growth of China tourist hotel industry and identify the key factors of different growth stages.
     Secondly, this paper attempts to research tourist enterprise by combining the empirical study with case study.General for the growth of enterprise, either from a data set to analyze different factors that impact the degree of enterprise growth, or from the case study experience discuss different factors which influence on tourist hotel company of different growth stages, so as to draw general conclusions. This thesis combines the empirical analysis with case analysis, both from a quantitative science point of view to study the influencing factors on the tourist hotel business growth, and from the perspective of qualitative experience to discuss key factors to the growth of a typical tourist hotel company, two of which were all blend into one harmonious whole, supporting each other, to construct the solid research framework.
     Finally, based on the representative three hotel enterprises cases, the thesis sets up three stages path of China's tourist hotel business growth under the background of internationalization by combining with the effects of different key factors in different growth stage.
     Tourist hotel business of China is in the transition from the start-up period to the development period; to research the development of tourist hotel enterprises will help us to guide the development of tourist hotel business. This research not only makes the tourist hotel business growth theory more complete, but also makes the tourist hotel enterprises and relevant departments have more accurate understanding for the growth of tourist hotel business growth, it can provide the reference for the strategic planning of tourist hotel enterprises and government, so it has certain practical significance.
引文
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